Threshold of seizure activity of the brain and higher nervous activity in the postresuscitation period for intracerebral allotransplantation of fetal neocortex tissue

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Semchenko ◽  
S. I. Ereniev ◽  
K. K. Makovetskii
1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Windholz

In the 1920s, as I. P. Pavlov was growing old, he began to show interest in the general process of aging. In order to study senescence, Pavlov and his disciples experimented in the laboratory on old dogs by the method of salivary conditioning and also observed aged psychotic patients in the psychiatric clinic. Pavlov never formulated a theory of aging per se, but incorporated his findings on aging into his theory of higher nervous activity, which dealt with the function of the brain in higher organisms' adaptation to the environment. Some of the major findings showed that salivary conditioning and stimulus differentiation were difficult to establish in old dogs. Conditioned reflexes established earlier in dogs' lives, however, persisted into old age. Pavlov explained these findings in terms of hypothesized neural processes in the brain; with age, neural processes deteriorate and their reactivity to the environment wanes. In light of more recent research, Pavlov's views on senescence, with the exception of the relation of conditioning to aging, are mainly of historical interest.


Author(s):  
M. M. Reshetnikov

The author develops ideas, which he presented in his paper Critical rethinking of the use of pharmacotherapy in mental disorders and critically analyses works by Descartes, I.М. Sechenov and I.P. Pavlov, which determined our methods of studying the psyche and treating mental disorders for many centuries. Reflexes of the Brain by I.M. Sechenov and ideas of the second signal system and higher nervous activity by I.P. Pavlov are analysed in detail. The author proves that these ideas, which still influence development of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and social sciences, are fallacious.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyn Shcherbak

In this paper, the dependence of the properties of the brain, its structure, functions and the higher nervous activity derived from them on the physical properties of the universe is analyzed.


1992 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
V. I. Tel'pukhov ◽  
M. V. Bilenko ◽  
A. V. Khokhlov ◽  
P. G. Komarov

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Vahram R Sargsyan

This paper proposes a new scientific and philosophical concept of the unity of the universe. The concept is based on new biological theories (13 viral theories and one genetic theory) developed in 2018 - 2019 in Yerevan. The issues of materialism, idealism and dualism are discussed. And also the question of the primacy of matter and consciousness is analyzed. This is very important for a correct understanding of the processes occurring in the brain and the formation of the higher nervous activity of a person.


Author(s):  
V. I. Portnichenko ◽  
Yu. V. Kravchenko ◽  
O. L. Yevtushenko ◽  
О. М. Bakunovskyi ◽  
І. О. Yachnytsia ◽  
...  

Association between cerebral blood flow and higher nervous activity in people at different stages of adaptation to the midlands was studied. Investigation were performed before, during and after a three-week stay in the mountains at an altitude of 2100 m, as well as during short-term ups without the physical load on the height of 3900 m. In the initial period of adaptation to hypoxia desynchronization between the nerve processes in the cerebral cortex and brain blood flow was observed. There was an inversion and an increase in the asymmetry of cerebral blood flow in the direction of the dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain. After the three-week stay in the mountains asymmetry of cerebral blood flow was disappeared, blood flow to the brain was reduced, hemispheric symmetry was formed, and blood flow synchronized with the nerve processes in the cerebral cortex again was restored.


Author(s):  
М.Н. Карпова ◽  
Л.В. Кузнецова ◽  
Н.Ю. Клишина ◽  
Л.А. Ветрилэ

Цель исследования. На 2 моделях острых генерализованных судорог (ОГС), вызванных конвульсантом пентилентетразолом (ПТЗ), изучить эффективность сочетанного применения ноотропа цитиколина - препарата с противосудорожным действием, нейрорегенеративной, нейропротекторной активностью и антител (АТ) к глутамату, обладающих противосудорожной активностью. Методика. Эксперименты выполнены на мышах-самцах линии C57Bl/6 (n = 87) массой 22-28 г. Эффективность сочетанного применения цитиколина и АТ к глутамату изучали на двух моделях ОГС. Выполнено 2 серии экспериментов. В 1-й серии ОГС вызывали внутривенным введением 1% раствора ПТЗ со скоростью 0,01 мл/с. Для изучения эффективности сочетанного применения препаратов определяли минимальное противосудорожное действие цитиколина (Цераксон, «Nicomed Ferrer Internaсional, S.A.») и АТ к глутамату при их внутрибрюшинном введении. С этой целью цитиколин вводили в дозах 500 и 300 мг/кг за 1 ч до введения ПТЗ, АТ к глутамату - в дозах 5 и 2,5 мг/кг за 1 ч 30 мин до введения ПТЗ. АТ к глутамату получали путем гипериммунизации кроликов соответствующим конъюгированным антигеном. Во 2-й серии ОГС вызывали подкожным введением ПТЗ в дозе 85 мг/кг. Для изучения эффективности сочетанного действия изучаемых препаратов последние вводили в минимально действующих дозах, установленных в 1-й серии экспериментов. Контролем во всех сериях опытов служили животные, которым вводили в аналогичных условиях и в том же объеме физиологический раствор. Результаты. Показано, что сочетанное применение цитиколина и АТ к глутамату в минимально действующих дозах (300 и 2,5 мг/кг соответственно) при моделировании ОГС не вызывало повышения судорожной активности мозга и усиления противосудорожных свойств препаратов. Заключение. Cочетанное применение цитиколина и АТ к глутамату в минимально действующих дозах не вызывало повышения судорожной активности мозга, что свидетельствует о безопасности совместного применения препаратов. Проведенное исследование может служить также экспериментальным обоснованием возможности использования сочетанного применения данных препаратов при судорогах с целью замедления прогрессирования нейродегенеративных процессов и благоприятного влияния на когнитивные функции. Aim. To study the effectivity of a combination of citicoline, a nootropic substance with neuroregenerative, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant actions, and glutamate antibodies (АB) with an anticonvulsant action in two models of acute generalized convulsions (AGC) caused by the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Methods. Experiments were conducted on C57Bl/6 mice (n = 87) weighing 22-28 g. Effects of combined citicoline and glutamate АB were studied on two models of AGС. In the first series of experiments, AGС was induced by intravenous infusion of a 1% PTZ solution at 0.01 ml/sec. In the second series, AGС was induced by a subcutaneous injection of PTZ 85 mg/kg. To evaluate efficacy of the drug combination minimum intraperitoneal anticonvulsant doses of citicoline (Tserakson, Nicomed Ferrer Internacional, S.A.) and glutamate АB were determined. To this purpose, citicoline was administered at 500 and 300 mg/kg 1 h prior to PTZ, and glutamate АB was administered at 5 and 2.5 mg/kg 90 min prior to PTZ. Glutamate АB was obtained by hyperimmunization of rabbits with a respective conjugated antigen. In the second series of experiments, AGС was induced by a subcutaneous injection of PTZ 85 mg/kg. To evaluate the effect of the drug combination, the drugs were administered at the minimum effective doses determined in the first series of experiment. Control animals were injected with the same volume of saline in the same experimental conditions. Results. The combination of citicoline and glutamate AB used at minimum effective doses of 300 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, did not increase the seizure activity in the brain and enhanced anticonvulsant properties of the drugs in two models of AGС. Conclusion. The combination of citicoline and glutamate AT at minimum effective doses did not increase the convulsive activity in the brain, which supported safety of the drug combination. Besides, this study can serve as an experimental justification for using the drug combination in convulsions to favorably influence cognitive functions and slow progression of neurodegenerative processes.


Author(s):  
M.P. Sutunkova ◽  
B.A. Katsnelson ◽  
L.I. Privalova ◽  
S.N. Solovjeva ◽  
V.B. Gurvich ◽  
...  

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body’s antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Danchuk ◽  
M. M. Broshkov ◽  
V. I. Karpovsky ◽  
O. M. Bobrytska ◽  
M. I. Tsvivlikhovsky ◽  
...  

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