Adrenal analysis for critique of the social stress theory in natural populations of a montane vole

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Differences in psychosocial impact of lockdown and life satisfaction among Nigerian working adults during Covid-19

Simulacra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Sunday Itasanmi ◽  
Violet Ekpenyong ◽  
Solomon Ojedeji
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
One Way Anova

This study assessed differences in the psychosocial impact of lockdown and life satisfaction among Nigerian working adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was hinged on the social stress theory. Five hundred and eighteen (518) Nigerian working adults participated in the study using a convenience sampling technique. Two sets of questionnaires were the main instruments of data collection and were complemented by in-depth interview. Quantitative data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Findings revealed, amongst others, that livelihood activities of working adults in Nigeria were significantly affected by the Covid-19 lockdown. Working adults who lost jobs during Covid-19 lockdown reported a higher psychosocial impact of the lockdown compared to those who stopped working, worked at home and those who worked at the office during the Covid-19 lockdown in the country. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others, that there is a need for concerted efforts by stakeholders in the country to provide enabling environment for working adults to recover and sustainably return to reasonable livelihood from the shocks occasioned by Covid-19 pandemic.

Upright Citizens in Criminal Records: Investigations in Cachoeira and Geremoabo, Brazil, 1780-1836

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Aufderheide
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Power And Influence

Criminal justice records provide the historian with a wealth of data on social deviance, and on the role of the judiciary in defining and controlling it. They can as well comment on the most invisible group for the social historian: the “innocent bystanders,” the respectable folk who distinguish themselves neither by their power and influence nor by their deviance. This essay illustrates the value of one kind of judicial data, local criminal investigations in Brazil, to provide information on the working citizens of a community. Changes in the characteristics of that population may be indicative of wider social stress in the Brazilian Independence period.

Effects of Natural Variation in Sex Ratio and Habitat Structure On Mate-Guarding Decisions in Amphipods (Crustacea)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie T.A. Dick ◽  
Robert W. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Size Assortment ◽  
Assortative Pairing ◽  
Study Species

AbstractWe employed field-based studies, with complementary laboratory-based studies, to investigate social and environmental influences on tactical mate-guarding decisions in amphipods (Crustacea). Firstly, we investigated variation in precopulatory mate-guarding duration in Cammarus duebeni celticus in relation to the social structure of natural populations. Variation in population density of up to two orders of magnitude had no effect on precopula duration, whereas guarding durations increased as the sex ratios of the populations became more male biased. That is, males have some ability to assess the probability of other males taking females into precopula and are prepared to guard for longer as this threat of male: male competition increases. A field demonstration of tactical shifts in reproductive behaviour in response to pertinent social conditions is thus provided. Secondly, the 'habitat segregation' hypothesis, which proposes that positive size-assortative pairing in amphipod populations arises due to variation in the use of micro-habitats, was tested in natural field populations and under laboratory conditions in Echinogammarus marinus. This was necessary in order to distinguish any purely environmental determinants of size-assortment from the role of active decisions by males concerning mate choice and male: male competition. The hypothesis was rejected on the grounds that size-assortative pairing arises under both heterogeneous and homogeneous environmental conditions. Further, in both study species, male and female body size were positively correlated with precopula duration. Thus, indirect competition for access to large, fecund females, based on the timing of male entry into precopula, together with direct aggression, provides the explanation for size-assortative pairing in amphipods.

Educational Leadership Sustainability

2017 ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Storey ◽  
Neffisatu J. C. Dambo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Leadership ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Accountability Measures ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extended Exposure

Leaders have a high propensity to experience stress due to the design of their career, duties, and accountability measures. Extended exposure to stress without the appropriate resources involves strains that can potentially become burdensome and begin to weigh on an individual. This chapter explores the relationship between wellness and burnout through the application of social stress theory to critical stress factors, as well as suggesting coping strategies for enhancing wellness and maintaining one's life balance.

Psychoterapeutki i psychoterapeuci wobec konsekwencji pandemii COVID-19. Analiza z perspektywy teorii traumy zmian społecznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Monika Frąckowiak-Sochańska ◽  
◽  
Marcin Hermanowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Helping Professions ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychotherapy Clients ◽  
Late Modern

This paper aims to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the individuals’ mental conditions, focusing on psychotherapy clients. The sources of knowledge about mental condition changes analyzed here are psychotherapists’ reports. One of the research purposes was to examine to what extent the problems resulting from the pandemic are visible from the perspective of psychotherapists’ offices. Moreover, the authors explore the changes in psychotherapists’ functioning and the adjustments of psychotherapy understood as one of the expert systems in a late modern society affected by social changes’ trauma. Adopting the theory of social trauma (Alexander 2004, Sztompka 2002) as the frame of analysis enables examining the relation between personal but repeatable experiences of emotional crises and their global context determined by the pandemic. This paper’s empirical foundation is the survey research on a sample of 384 Polish psychotherapists carried out between August 10 and September 30 as a part of the project „Psychotherapeutic work in the pandemic time” supported by the Faculty of Sociology at Adam Mickiewicz University. The research results enable registering the increased intensity of problems resulting from social stress among people searching for psychotherapeutic support and those working in the helping professions. Simultaneously, changes in the functioning of the whole expert system of psychotherapy may be interpreted as the attempts to compensate for the social order destabilization that results in the growing stress and overburden of individuals.

Stress and Coping Theory Across the Adult Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
David M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
And Coping

Stress is a broad and complex phenomenon characterized by environmental demands, internal psychological processes, and physical outcomes. The study of stress is multifaceted and commonly divided into three theoretical perspectives: social, psychological, and biological. The social stress perspective emphasizes how stressful life experiences are embedded into social structures and hierarchies. The psychological stress perspective highlights internal processes that occur during stressful situations, such as individual appraisals of the threat and harm of the stressors and of the ways of coping with such stressors. Finally, the biological stress perspective focuses on the acute and long-term physiological changes that result from stressors and their associated psychological appraisals. Stress and coping are inherently intertwined with adult development.

The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse among Childbearing-Age Women: A Review of the Literature

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Strachan Lindenberg ◽  
Helen K. Reiskin ◽  
Sylvia C. Gendrop
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childbearing Age Women

The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse has been derived from numerous psychosocial theories and models. This model suggests that the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug abuse is influenced by the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competence and resources. This article synthesizes current empirical evidence for this model. Thirteen primary research studies of women are synthesized and described, with special attention to the four key constructs inherent in the model: stress, social networks, social competencies, and resources. Consistencies and inconsistencies in the findings, a critique of key methodological issues, implications for future research, and implications for clinical policy and practice are provided.

scholarly journals Dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grow faster than subordinates when fed an equal ration

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W.A. Grant ◽  
Gavin Lee ◽  
Perry Comolli
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Convict Cichlids ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amatitlania Nigrofasciata ◽  
Dominant Fish ◽  
Visual Interactions ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Growth Differential ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that dominant fish grow faster than subordinate fish when fed equal rations. It is unclear, however, whether this growth differential is caused by intrinsic differences related to their propensity to become dominant, or by the extrinsic effect of the social stress experienced by subordinates. We first tested whether dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grew faster than subordinates when fed an equal amount of food. Second, we tested whether the growth advantage of dominants occurred when only visual interactions were allowed between pairs of fish. Third, we randomly assigned social status to the fish to rule out the possibility that intrinsic differences between fish were responsible for both the establishment of dominance and the growth differences. In three separate experiments, dominant fish grew faster than size-matched subordinate convict cichlids, but the growth advantage of dominants was higher when there were direct interactions between fish compared to only visual interactions. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the slower growth rate of subordinate fish was due to the physiological costs of stress.

scholarly journals Serotonin and arginine–vasopressin mediate sex differences in the regulation of dominance and aggression by the social brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. 13233-13238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Terranova ◽  
Zhimin Song ◽  
Tony E. Larkin ◽  
Nathan Hardcastle ◽  
Alisa Norvelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
The Social

There are profound sex differences in the incidence of many psychiatric disorders. Although these disorders are frequently linked to social stress and to deficits in social engagement, little is known about sex differences in the neural mechanisms that underlie these phenomena. Phenotypes characterized by dominance, competitive aggression, and active coping strategies appear to be more resilient to psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with those characterized by subordinate status and the lack of aggressiveness. Here, we report that serotonin (5-HT) and arginine–vasopressin (AVP) act in opposite ways in the hypothalamus to regulate dominance and aggression in females and males. Hypothalamic injection of a 5-HT1a agonist stimulated aggression in female hamsters and inhibited aggression in males, whereas injection of AVP inhibited aggression in females and stimulated aggression in males. Striking sex differences were also identified in the neural mechanisms regulating dominance. Acquisition of dominance was associated with activation of 5-HT neurons within the dorsal raphe in females and activation of hypothalamic AVP neurons in males. These data strongly indicate that there are fundamental sex differences in the neural regulation of dominance and aggression. Further, because systemically administered fluoxetine increased aggression in females and substantially reduced aggression in males, there may be substantial gender differences in the clinical efficacy of commonly prescribed 5-HT–active drugs such as selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors. These data suggest that the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as PTSD may be more effective with the use of 5-HT–targeted drugs in females and AVP-targeted drugs in males.

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