An Analysis of Wage Differentials by Gender and Ethnicity in the Public Sector

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd L. Idson ◽  
Hollis F. Price

This study investigates the source of wage differentials between blacks, Hispanics, and whites, and between women and men, in metropolitan Dade County (Florida) government, and draws out the implications of this analysis for affirmative action planning. Our distinctive finding is that the primary factor causing observed wage differentials by ethnicity is the sorting of people across occupational categories. Wage decompositions reveal that for males, 70 percent, 88 percent, and 47 percent of the wage gaps between white and black, white and Hispanic, and Hispanic and black, respectively, are attributable to occupation. For females, the corresponding figures are 56 percent, 58 percent, and 51 percent. When comparing men and women of the same ethnic group, occupational employment patterns are found to be an important factor accounting for lower average female wages, yet within major occupational groups women seem to be receiving higher wages (on average) than men.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Naohiro Ogawa ◽  
Norma Mansor ◽  
Shigeyuki Abe ◽  
Mohd Uzir Mahidin

Abstract The study examines the earnings differentials between the public and private sector in the Malaysian economy in terms of the moderations of the gender and ethnic wage differences in the public sector. The study uses the annual earnings from the Salaries and Wages Survey for 2011 and 2016. The key findings are that public employees are paid higher wages compared with private sector employees and the overall gender and ethnic wage differentials have declined in recent years. We also find that both gender and ethnic wage differentials are much smaller in the public sector.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002193472110102
Author(s):  
Ollie Johnson

The 2016 impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and the decisions by new President Temer require us to focus on the life and work of Abdias Nascimento. Temer’s actions remind us that the recent efforts of Brazilian governments to be more racially inclusive and egalitarian have not been consolidated and that policies such as affirmative action, the teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, and racial quotas in the public sector are at risk. Nascimento dedicated his life to fighting against White racism in Brazil and promoting government policies to improve social, economic, and political opportunities for Afro-Brazilians. He witnessed and experienced racial discrimination in his own life and observed various responses to it. Nascimento decided that he would denounce it, fight against it, organize Afro-Brazilians to empower themselves, and campaign for a racially inclusive, democratic, and prosperous country. He lived to see the early implementation of some of his policies. Nonetheless, he recognized that 500 years of White racism would not be defeated easily.


Author(s):  
Veronika Hedija ◽  
Petr Musil

The issue of wage disparity between men and women belongs to the current and widely discussed topics. The attention given to this subject also reflects the fact that the issue of the equality between women and men and non-discrimination by gender is incorporated in the law of the European Union. A number of studies are devoted to the gender wage disparities and the root cause of wage differences in the Czech Republic, however, only few of these deal with the gender wage differentials in the public sector. It is exactly this issue, which is discussed in this article, its aim being to identify the extent of the gender pay gap in the selected Czech public sector company. The article concentrates on finding the main causes for the existence of wage differences between men and women and determining whether the company inclines to wage discrimination against women. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is used to define, which part of the gender pay gap can be attributed to the different characteristics of men and women and which part stays unexplained. It is this unexplained part that can be the result of wage discrimination against women.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ismael de Mendonça Azevedo ◽  
Lydia Maria Pinto Brito

Este estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar o panorama da percepção de assédio moral no trabalho em trabalhadores brasileiros, elaborado a partir de análises com cruzamentos entre percepções de funcionários públicos e privados, homens e mulheres. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se por utilizar a Escala de Percepção de Assédio Moral no Trabalho (EP-AMT), instrumento validado por Martins e Ferraz (2014). Os resultados mostram que 50,3% dos respondentes são do sexo masculino e 47,8% do sexo feminino, além do que 32,3% são profissionais com contrato de trabalho de servidor/a público e 65,8% atuam na iniciativa privada; 1,9% dos respondentes não informaram sexo e tipo de contrato de trabalho. Para análise cruzada optou-se pela análise com base no Teste-t de Stutent, com uso do software SPSS 21. Ficou evidenciado que o assédio moral pessoal, o assédio moral profissional ou o assédio moral no trabalho não são percebidos de modo diferente pelos respondentes quando da análise cruzada considerando os tipos de contrato ou o sexo dos respondentes. Desse modo, a pesquisa mostra que pessoas que atuam no setor público têm a mesma percepção que aquelas que atuam no setor privado e, também, homens e mulheres têm as mesmas percepções quanto ao assunto. Portanto, conclui-se que o assédio moral no trabalho não foi percebido como alto nos ambientes dos respondentes, e que o contrato de trabalho ou o sexo não foram variáveis que influenciaram numa maior ou menor percepção. ABSTRACT   This study aims to highlight the panorama of the perception of bullying at work among Brazilian workers, drawn from analyzes with intersections between perceptions of public and private employees, men and women. For data collection, we chose to use the Scale of Perception of Moral Harassment at Work (EP-AMT), an instrument validated by Martins and Ferraz (2014). The results show that 50.3% of respondents are male and 47.8% female, in addition to 32.3% are professionals with an employment contract as a public servant and 65.8% work in the private sector; 1.9% of respondents did not inform their gender and type of employment contract. For cross-analysis, we opted for the analysis based on the Stutent t-test, using the SPSS 21 software. It was evident that personal bullying, professional bullying or bullying at work are not perceived differently by the respondents when cross-analysis considering the types of contract or the gender of respondents. Thus, the research shows that people who work in the public sector have the same perception as those who work in the private sector and, also, men and women have the same perceptions on the subject. Therefore, it is concluded that bullying at work was not perceived as high in the respondents' environments, and that the employment contract or gender were not variables that influenced a greater or lesser perception.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Feeney ◽  
Justin M. Stritch

Family-friendly policies and culture are important components of creating a healthy work environment and are positively related to work outcomes for public employees and organizations. Furthermore, family-friendly policies and culture are critical mechanisms for supporting the careers and advancement of women in public service and enhancing gender equity in public sector employment. While both policies and culture can facilitate women’s participation in the public sector workforce, they may affect men and women differently. Using data from a 2011 study with a nationwide sample of state government employees, we investigate the effects of employee take-up of leave policies, employer supported access to child care, alternative work scheduling, and a culture of family support on work–life balance (WLB). We examine where these variables differ in their effects on WLB among men and women and make specific recommendations to further WLB among women. The results inform the literature on family-friendly policies and culture in public organizations.


ILR Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Ehrenberg

This paper presents evidence that a trade-off exists between wages and certain characteristics of retirement systems in the public sector. Cross-section econometric estimates for uniformed municipal employees, based upon data from two national surveys of municipalities, suggest that, other things equal, an increase in the contribution made by uniformed employees to their retirement system leads to a compensating increase in their salaries, while retirement systems with more “generous” characteristics are associated to some extent with lower salaries. The estimates also indicate that the extent of retirement system underfunding is related to employers' and employees' perceptions of the probability that promised retirement benefits will not be fully paid and that these perceptions too are reflected in compensating wage differentials. The author concludes that pension reform legislation in the public sector will be likely to have an impact on public sector wages and, therefore, careful consideration should be given to the design of such legislation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Iwasaki ◽  
Xinxin Ma

AbstractThis paper performs a meta-analysis of 1472 estimates extracted from 199 previous studies to investigate the gender wage gap in China. The results show that, although the gender wage gap in China during the transition period has an impact that statistically significant and economically meaningful, it remains at a low level. It is also revealed that the wage gap between men and women is more severe in rural regions and the private sector than those in urban regions and the public sector. Furthermore, we found that, in China, the gender wage gap has been increasing rapidly in recent years.


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