scholarly journals Gender wage differences in the selected Czech public sector company

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Veronika Hedija ◽  
Petr Musil
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Different Characteristics

The issue of wage disparity between men and women belongs to the current and widely discussed topics. The attention given to this subject also reflects the fact that the issue of the equality between women and men and non-discrimination by gender is incorporated in the law of the European Union. A number of studies are devoted to the gender wage disparities and the root cause of wage differences in the Czech Republic, however, only few of these deal with the gender wage differentials in the public sector. It is exactly this issue, which is discussed in this article, its aim being to identify the extent of the gender pay gap in the selected Czech public sector company. The article concentrates on finding the main causes for the existence of wage differences between men and women and determining whether the company inclines to wage discrimination against women. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is used to define, which part of the gender pay gap can be attributed to the different characteristics of men and women and which part stays unexplained. It is this unexplained part that can be the result of wage discrimination against women.

scholarly journals The UK Gender Pay Gap 1997-2015: What Is the Role of the Public Sector?

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Jones ◽  
Gerry Makepeace ◽  
Victoria Wass
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Differences in income distributions for men and women in the European Union countries

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Joanna Landmesser
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Decomposition Procedure

Research background: Recently there has been an increase in interest in the studies of income inequalities. The findings of numerous empirical studies show that males earn higher wages than females. A variety of techniques of income inequalities decomposition are becoming popular. New procedures go far beyond the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. They allow to study differences of income distributions for various groups of people and to decompose them at various quantile points. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to compare personal income distributions in selected countries of the European Union, taking into account gender differences. Methods: First, we examined the income inequalities between men and women in each country using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure. The unexplained part of the gender pay gap gave us information about the wage discrimination. Second, we extended the decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the whole income distribution. To describe differences between the incomes of men and women, we constructed the so-called counterfactual distribution, which is a mixture of a conditional distribution of the dependent variable (income) and a distribution of the explanatory variables (individual people’s characteristics). Then, we utilized the residual imputation approach (JMP-approach). Findings & Value added: In the article data from EU-SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) were used. We found that there exists an important diversity in the size of the gender pay gap across members of the European Union. The results obtained for these countries allowed us to group them into clusters. In general, there are two types of countries in Europe: the countries, where the bulk of the observed income differences cannot be explained by observed characteristics, and the countries, where the explained and the unexplained effects are both positive, with even a bigger explained effect for the lower income ranges.

A Systematic Review of the Gender Pay Gap and Factors That Predict It

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebawit G. Bishu ◽  
Mohamad G. Alkadry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Public

This study conducts a systematic review of 98 peer-reviewed journal articles that empirically investigate the presence of the gender pay gap along with factors that espouse it in organizations. The purposes of this study are threefold. First, it aims to explore trends in recurring themes that surface as factors that engender the gender pay gap in the workforce. Second, based on identified themes, the review summarizes and compares the gender pay gap by sector. Finally, the study presents a discussion on how the public sector fairs out in closing the gender pay gap and factors that predict it.

scholarly journals Do Women Really Face Wage Discrimination on the Labour Market? An Analysis Using Intra-household Specialization

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Hedija
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Household Specialization ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to estimate the gender pay gap, cleansed at least partially of the effect of intra-household specialization on productivity. The estimate is based on EU-SILC data for 19 member countries of the European Union. We use an estimate of the average treatment effect on the treated, supplemented by a matching procedure to estimate the unexplained part of the gender pay gap and use a subsample of employees earning more than their partners, thus minimizing the impact of child- and family-care on the gender pay gap. We conclude that the unexplained gender pay gap amounts approximately 10 percent working to the disadvantage of women. If we assume that the dominant role in family- and child-care is taken up by the partner earnings a lower wage, then this difference could neither be explained by differences in the observed personal and company characteristics nor by the dominant role of women in care for the household and children and could actually be due to wage discrimination against women.

scholarly journals El principio comunitario de no discriminación retributiva por razón de género = The Community principle of non wage discrimination because of gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
María del Mar Crespi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen: El principio comunitario de no discriminación retributiva por razón de género es el instrumento por el que se ha tratado de erradicar en el seno de la Unión Europea la discriminación salarial que sufren las mujeres. Dicha discriminación se refleja claramente en la brecha salarial y es sólo una manifestación más de la desigualdad de género existente en el ámbito laboral. El principio ha sufrido una interesante evolución desde su nacimiento con la creación de la Comunidad Europea que refleja la creciente preocupación de ésta por los derechos humanos y la justicia social. El propósito de éste estudio es ofrecer una visión sintética pero completa del estado de la cuestión desde una perspectiva eminentemente jurídica. Por ello, se explica el funcionamiento del principio y los conceptos que lo componen, prestando especial atención a los problemas que plantea su aplicación en la práctica jurídica y las últimas novedades incorporadas por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. También se expone brevemente el sistema de garantías frente a la discriminación que la normativa europea impone a los Estados miembros. Teniendo en cuenta los datos, es evidente que pese a los esfuerzos de las Instituciones Europeas el problema persiste, ello obliga a un análisis de las deficiencias técnicas de la regulación actual, sus posibles reformas, así como nuevas vías de acción que pudiesen coadyuvar a la solución definitiva. Palabras clave: Derecho de la Unión Europea, brecha salarial, discriminación retributiva, principio de igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, igualdad salarial. Abstract: The Community principle of non-wage discrimination because of gender is the tool through which the European Union has tried to eradicate the pay discrimination suffered by women. This discrimination is clearly reflected by the gender pay gap and is only one more example of the gender inequality existing in the work sphere. The principle has suffered an interesting evolution since its birth with the foundation of the European Union, and it shows its increasing interest towards human rights and social justice. The purpose of this study is to show a summary but complete vision of the state of play from an eminently legal perspective. Therefore, it explains how the principle works, and the main concepts that compose it, paying special attention to the issues arisen in its practical application and to the last developments incorporated by the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The system of guarantees imposed by the European Union to the member states is also briefly exposed. Considering the statistics, it is clear that despite of the European Institution’s efforts the problem remains, so it is obviously necessary to analyse the deficiencies of the current regulation and the possible changes, as well as new ways that could help reaching the final solution. Keywords: European Union Law, gender pay gap, wage discrimination, principle of equal pay between women and men, pay equality. doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3545

scholarly journals Gender pay gap in salary bands among employees in the formal sector of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeboye M. Adelekan ◽  
Mark H.R. Bussin
Keyword(s):  
Top Management ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: The gender pay gap is a worldwide challenge that has persisted despite political will and interventions. Comparably qualified women performing similar work as men continue to earn less. There are conflicting views in the literature regarding the status of the gender pay gap.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine status of the gender pay gap among employees in the same salary band and to establish whether men and women receive similar pay for similar work in the study population.Motivation for study: The status of the gender pay gap would establish the progress made towards closing the gap and guide necessary adjustments to interventions.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative analysis was conducted on the pay information of 217 902 employees collected in a survey from over 700 companies, across 10 job families and 6 industries.Main findings: Men’s pay was consistently higher than that of women in all salary bands except at the 75th and 95th percentile in sub-bands B-lower and B-upper and 25th percentile in sub-band E-upper. The gender pay gap ranged from 8% in band A to 27.1% in sub-band F-upper. The gaps observed in the salary bands were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) except in sub-band E-upper, F-lower and F-upper, indicating convergence towards similar pay for similar work at senior to top management levels. Women were under-represented in all salary bands with the lowest presence in band F, especially sub-band F-upper. Gender, race, job family and industry have a significant effect on income earned in the study sample.Practical/managerial implications: Government’s efforts seemed to have produced minimal results as women are represented in all job families, industries and salary bands. The pay of men and women in senior and top management levels was similar. However, more still needs to be done to achieve the 50% target representation of women in senior management and close the gap at all levels.Contribution/value-add: The number of women at management levels is still very low when compared to their male counterparts. However, the gender pay gap in senior to top management positions are converging towards similar pay for work of similar value.

scholarly journals Understanding the public sector pay gap

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Campos ◽  
Domenico Depalo ◽  
Evangelia Papapetrou ◽  
Javier J. Pérez ◽  
Roberto Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Public
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