scholarly journals Gender wage gap in China: a large meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Iwasaki ◽  
Xinxin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level

AbstractThis paper performs a meta-analysis of 1472 estimates extracted from 199 previous studies to investigate the gender wage gap in China. The results show that, although the gender wage gap in China during the transition period has an impact that statistically significant and economically meaningful, it remains at a low level. It is also revealed that the wage gap between men and women is more severe in rural regions and the private sector than those in urban regions and the public sector. Furthermore, we found that, in China, the gender wage gap has been increasing rapidly in recent years.

Decomposing public-private teachers’ wage gap: evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-346
Author(s):  
Thais Barcellos ◽  
Guilherme Hirata
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Formation And Evolution

A two-stage wage gap decomposition permits measuring the contribution of observableand unobservable characteristics of the wage gap formation and evolution comparingteachers’ earnings in the public and private sectors from 2006 to 2017. Teachers fromthe public sector earn more than the ones from the private sector at mean, median, andquantile 10 due to the composition effect. The analysis across levels of education showsthat the composition effect is important in explaining the wage gap in early childhoodeducation while the structure effect is more relevant to the wage gap decomposition inprimary and high school education.

scholarly journals One HRM Fits All? A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of HRM Practices in the Public, Semipublic, and Private Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Blom ◽  
P. M. Kruyen ◽  
B. I. J. M. Van der Heijden ◽  
S. Van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, public and semipublic organizations have borrowed Human Resource Management (HRM) practices from the private sector to enhance employee performance. Numerous scholars argue, however, that business-like practices are less effective outside the private sector context because of sector-specific conditions. Based on the ability–motivation–opportunity model, we performed a three-level meta-analysis to investigate differences in effects of HRM practices on individual performance across sectors. Our study shows that significant differences exist between sectors, but the expectation that the effects of HRM practices are largest in the private sector and smallest in the public sector is not supported. More specifically, the differences between the public, semipublic, and private sector are not straightforward. In this respect, we encourage future scholars to further examine these differences.

scholarly journals Mal-estar no trabalho: evidências em funcionários públicos e privados

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ismael de Mendonça Azevedo ◽  
Lydia Maria Pinto Brito
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
T Test ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
The Subject

Este estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar o panorama da percepção de assédio moral no trabalho em trabalhadores brasileiros, elaborado a partir de análises com cruzamentos entre percepções de funcionários públicos e privados, homens e mulheres. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se por utilizar a Escala de Percepção de Assédio Moral no Trabalho (EP-AMT), instrumento validado por Martins e Ferraz (2014). Os resultados mostram que 50,3% dos respondentes são do sexo masculino e 47,8% do sexo feminino, além do que 32,3% são profissionais com contrato de trabalho de servidor/a público e 65,8% atuam na iniciativa privada; 1,9% dos respondentes não informaram sexo e tipo de contrato de trabalho. Para análise cruzada optou-se pela análise com base no Teste-t de Stutent, com uso do software SPSS 21. Ficou evidenciado que o assédio moral pessoal, o assédio moral profissional ou o assédio moral no trabalho não são percebidos de modo diferente pelos respondentes quando da análise cruzada considerando os tipos de contrato ou o sexo dos respondentes. Desse modo, a pesquisa mostra que pessoas que atuam no setor público têm a mesma percepção que aquelas que atuam no setor privado e, também, homens e mulheres têm as mesmas percepções quanto ao assunto. Portanto, conclui-se que o assédio moral no trabalho não foi percebido como alto nos ambientes dos respondentes, e que o contrato de trabalho ou o sexo não foram variáveis que influenciaram numa maior ou menor percepção. ABSTRACT   This study aims to highlight the panorama of the perception of bullying at work among Brazilian workers, drawn from analyzes with intersections between perceptions of public and private employees, men and women. For data collection, we chose to use the Scale of Perception of Moral Harassment at Work (EP-AMT), an instrument validated by Martins and Ferraz (2014). The results show that 50.3% of respondents are male and 47.8% female, in addition to 32.3% are professionals with an employment contract as a public servant and 65.8% work in the private sector; 1.9% of respondents did not inform their gender and type of employment contract. For cross-analysis, we opted for the analysis based on the Stutent t-test, using the SPSS 21 software. It was evident that personal bullying, professional bullying or bullying at work are not perceived differently by the respondents when cross-analysis considering the types of contract or the gender of respondents. Thus, the research shows that people who work in the public sector have the same perception as those who work in the private sector and, also, men and women have the same perceptions on the subject. Therefore, it is concluded that bullying at work was not perceived as high in the respondents' environments, and that the employment contract or gender were not variables that influenced a greater or lesser perception.

scholarly journals Assessing the wage gap between public and private sector employees in Ireland: issues, evidence and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Darragh Flannery ◽  
Tom Turner
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract Over recent years pay levels in the public sector of the economy have come under increasing scrutiny. This paper provides an assessment of the key issues and challenges central to a comparison of wage levels in the private and public sector in Ireland. A review of the extant studies that have employed multivariate analysis to estimate the gap between public and private sector wages in Ireland indicates a wage premium in favour of public sector workers. However the actual magnitude of the earnings gap is difficult to accurately assess as the size of the premium varies markedly across these various studies. A number of possible options are suggested to guide the development of a fair system for assessing wage levels in the public sector.

Gender wage differential in private and public sector employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur ◽  
Rajeev Pydayya
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the magnitude of the gender wage disparity in the public and private sectors in Mauritius across both mean differentials and overall wage distribution. The paper then decomposed the gender wage differential using the Oaxaca and Blinder (1973) decomposition technique. Design/methodology/approach The study uses cross-sectional data from the Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Budget Survey (CMPHS), from 2006 to 2013. The sample size on average is around 12,000 households surveyed per year. Findings The results reveal that that gender wage differentials are prevalent in both economic sectors; however, the disparity is more pronounced in the private sector. In addition, the differences in wages are larger at the bottom compared to the top end of the wage distribution, suggesting the presence of sticky floors. Lastly, it was observed that the unexplained wage gap (discrimination) is higher in the private sector than in public sector across the years. Originality/value The literature on the gender wage gap in Africa is limited. This paper adds to the existing literature on gender wage differential with an analysis of the gender wage disparity across the public and private sectors in Mauritius.

Public–Private Wage Gap in the Indian Mining and Quarrying Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-253
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Smrutirekha Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public

This article examines if there is a wage gap between public and private mining (and quarrying) workers in India, using the NSS data (2004–2005, 2009–2010 and 2011–2012). We employ linear and quantile regressions to estimate the wage gap. The ordinary least squares (OLS) results suggest that workers in the public sector mines (and quarries) earn 59 per cent more than their private sector counterparts. However, the wage gap is not uniform across the conditional wage distribution. The quantile regression estimates show that the magnitude of the wage gap is larger at the bottom quantile than at the top; the gap reduces as we move up the wage distribution. Observations drawn from our sub-sample analysis concur with these findings. JEL Classification: J21, J31, J45

scholarly journals The Incidence of Social Security Payroll Taxes: Evidence From China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Ma ◽  
Dongyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Public

The Chinese government enforced public security system reform in the economic transition period. Now, the enterprise’ social insurance premium, a kind of payroll tax, is nearly 40% of the total wage in China. It is thought enterprises may transfer the burden of payroll taxes to workers by reducing their wages. Does the level of an enterprise’s social security payroll taxes influence their workers’ wages? Using the Chinese Large and Medium-size Manufacturing Enterprises (CLMME) dataset to construct an enterprise panel data from 2004 to 2007, we employ an empirical study to provide evidence on the issue. We utilize the fixed effects model, random effects model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to address the heterogeneity problem, initial dependent problem and endogenous problem. It is found that in general, increased social security payroll taxes negatively affect the workers’ wages, which indicates that many enterprises may transfer the payroll taxes burden onto their workers. Increased social security payroll taxes may decrease the wage levels for workers in both the public sector and the private sector, but the negative effect is greater for workers in the private sector than in the public sector.

scholarly journals SMARTIES Project: The Survey of Needs for Municipalities and Trainers for Smart Cities

Challenges ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
George Xydis ◽  
Luca Pagliaricci ◽  
Živilė Paužaitė ◽  
Vygintas Grinis ◽  
Gyula Sallai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Subject

In an aim to contribute to already existing knowledge upon the subject of smart cities and the public sector’s wider knowledge in Europe, this study investigates the perception by the municipalities and the wider public sector, responsible for implementing smart solutions in the environment. The understanding of the concept of smart cities/villages by municipalities is on a low level due to the fact that the problem is too wide, not well described, solutions even wider, accompanied by the lack of experts able to offer comprehensive solutions to municipalities. The study presents factors according to the current municipalities’ knowledge (environmental awareness, knowledge and prior experience) and the existing market, of whether these factors can be said that affect the acceptance of smart cities. The public is already aware of the smart cities as a general concept, however, the study sheds light upon the established knowledge that the decision makers have in five countries, Hungary, Slovakia, Italy, Lithuania, and Denmark.

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