Complexation between borate ion and hydroxyl groups of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Xiao-ming ◽  
Huang Nai-yu ◽  
Xie Hong-quan
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Resol Resin

Effect of synthesis parameters on thermal behavior of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin

2001 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Dae Park ◽  
Bernard Riedl ◽  
Yoon SooKim ◽  
Won Tek So
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Resol Resin

The Chemistry of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Vulcanization of EPDM: Part I. Evidence for Methylene Crosslinks

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin van Duin ◽  
Aniko Souphanthong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Weight Model

Abstract The application of phenol-formaldehyde resins as crosslinking agents is increasing in importance due to the good high temperature properties of the corresponding vulcanizate and the use in thermoplastic vulcanizates. With respect to the chemistry of phenol-formaldehyde cure (reaction mechanism and structure of crosslink) there are still problems that have to be resolved. The reaction products of the phenol-formaldehyde resin curing of EPDM, contain 2-ethylidene norbornene (ENB) as the third monomer, have been studied. Since such an investigation is rather difficult to perform for the polymer system, a low molecular weight model for EPDM was used: 2-ethylidene norbornane (ENBH). Reaction of ENBH and a resole results in scission of the dimethylene ether bridges, i.e. in degradation of the resole into mono-, bis- and terisooctylphenol units. These are consequently converted into products, consisting of two ENBH molecules linked by mono-, bis- and terisooctylphenol units. The solid resole seems to be a technological solution for storing phenol in combination with formaldehyde. These results support the use of 2-hydroxymethylphenol (HMP) as a low molecular weight model for the resole. At low temperatures and/or short reaction times HMP oligomers (= resoles) and HMP oligomers linked to one ENBH molecule are formed, which are converted into ENBH/HMP (1:1) condensation products. The reaction products of ENBH with both the resole and HMP are shown to contain methylene linked structures, as demonstrated by the formation of monisooctylphenol crosslinks and the presence of residual unsaturation and hydroxyl groups, besides chroman linked structures. This is the first experimental evidence that during phenol-formaldehyde resin cure of rubber, formation of methylene bridges occurs.

Structural and Physical Changes in Phenol−Formaldehyde Resol Resin, as a Function of the Degree of Condensation of the Resol Solution

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (21) ◽  
pp. 6916-6924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Monni ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
Tuula T. Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Resol Resin ◽  
Degree Of Condensation ◽  
Physical Changes

scholarly journals Morphologic and Chemical Properties of PMMA/ATH Layers with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Realised by Cold Plasma Spraying at Atmospheric Pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wallenhorst ◽  
R. Rerich ◽  
M. Vovk ◽  
S. Dahle ◽  
H. Militz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study investigated the morphologic and chemical properties of coatings based on PMMA/ATH powder and deposited by cold plasma spraying on wood and glass. Since the deposition of pure PMMA/ATH powder with air as process gas yielded coatings with insufficient abrasion resistance, two modifications of the basic process were investigated. Previous studies showed that replacing air as process gas with forming gas did not enhance the abrasion resistance, but the addition of a phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) succeeded in stabilising the particle coatings. In this work, results from morphologic and chemical analysis suggested an encasement of the PMMA/ATH particles by plasma-modified PF and thus a fusion of individual particles, explaining the enhanced bonding. Moreover, adhesion tests confirmed an outstanding bonding between the coating and wood as well as glass, which is assumed to result from interactions between the PF’s hydroxyl groups and functional groups on the substrates’ surfaces. Studies on the wettability revealed a hydrophobic character of such coatings, therefore generally indicating a possible application, for example, to reduce water uptake by wooden materials.

Waste liquors from cellulosic industries. IV. Lignin as a component in phenol formaldehyde resol resin

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 2915-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. A. Nada ◽  
H. El-Saied ◽  
A. A. Ibrahem ◽  
M. A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Resol Resin

Effect of alkylresorcinols on curing behaviour of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Siimer ◽  
T. Kaljuvee ◽  
P. Christjanson ◽  
T. Pehk ◽  
I. Saks
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Resol Resin

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD BONDED WITH PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESOL RESIN SYNTHESIZED WITH BIO-OIL

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Günay Özbay
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Resol Resin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Pine Wood Sawdust

ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to use of bio-oil as an alternative to petroleum-based phenol in the production of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin used for making exterior plywood.Bio-oil obtained from pine wood sawdust using a vacuum pyrolysis reactor at 500 °C. The PF resol resins were produced by substituting up to 20 wt% of phenol with bio-oil by modifying the chemical synthesis process. FT-IRanalysis was performed to characterizethe organic functional groups in the bio-oil modified PF resins. In comparison to the commercial and lab-made PF resins, the bio-oil modified PF resins were found to have larger average molecular weights, higher polydispersity indices, and shorter gel times. Six different types of plywood panels were produced from the experimental PF resins which were commercial PF resin, lab-made PF resin, and PF resins modified with bio oil of 5, 10, 15 or 20 wt% contents, respectively. Plywood specimens produced with the PF resin modified with bio-oil up to 20 wt% had better tensile shear strength (wet condition), modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity in bending as compared to the commercial and lab-made PF resins.

Novel two-stage phenol–formaldehyde resol resin synthesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Monni ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
Jouni Rainio ◽  
Tuula T. Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Resol Resin
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