scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD BONDED WITH PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESOL RESIN SYNTHESIZED WITH BIO-OIL

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Günay Özbay
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Resol Resin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Pine Wood Sawdust

ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to use of bio-oil as an alternative to petroleum-based phenol in the production of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin used for making exterior plywood.Bio-oil obtained from pine wood sawdust using a vacuum pyrolysis reactor at 500 °C. The PF resol resins were produced by substituting up to 20 wt% of phenol with bio-oil by modifying the chemical synthesis process. FT-IRanalysis was performed to characterizethe organic functional groups in the bio-oil modified PF resins. In comparison to the commercial and lab-made PF resins, the bio-oil modified PF resins were found to have larger average molecular weights, higher polydispersity indices, and shorter gel times. Six different types of plywood panels were produced from the experimental PF resins which were commercial PF resin, lab-made PF resin, and PF resins modified with bio oil of 5, 10, 15 or 20 wt% contents, respectively. Plywood specimens produced with the PF resin modified with bio-oil up to 20 wt% had better tensile shear strength (wet condition), modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity in bending as compared to the commercial and lab-made PF resins.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-Oilphenol-Formaldehyde Resins under Alkali Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Günay Özbay ◽  
Caglar Cekic ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Erkan Sami Kokten
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the present study, bio-oil produced from vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass has been investigated as a source of chemical feedstock. Bio-based resins were produced using the bio- oil with phenol substitutions ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. The conventional GC/MS analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the chemical composition of bio-oil. TGA, DSC and FT-IR analyses were used in order to characterize the bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins. The bonding quality of wood samples bonded with the BPF resins was investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. The highest shear strength was observed for the control samples bonded with the laboratory PF resin. As the amount of bio-oil was increased up to 30 wt%, the shear strength of the samples decreased from 12.08 to 11.76 N/mm2. The bonding performance was not negatively affected by the combination of bio-oil under dry conditions. According to TS EN 12765 standard, the relevant performance requirements for bonded samples under dry conditions must be at least 10 N/mm2. Relating to the standard, all samples bonded with BPF resins obtained the requirements for durability class C1. Under wet conditions, the bonding performance was negatively affected by the addition of bio-oil. However, the BPF resins fulfilled the durability requirements for C1, C2, and C3 specified in EN 12765 (2002).

scholarly journals Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywood Modified with Different Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Juris Grinins ◽  
Vladimirs Biziks ◽  
Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽  
Janis Rizikovs ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Commercial Resin ◽  
D 20

This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).

scholarly journals RICE STRAW/THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE: EFFECT OF FILLER LOADING, POLYMER TYPE AND MOISTURE ABSORPTION ON THE PERFORMANCE

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi ◽  
Lisiane Nunes Hugen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Wet Condition

ABSTRAT Thermoplastic composites made with 45, 60 and 75% of rice straw as filler and two types of thermoplastics, virgin polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were evaluated. The final boards were made with and without maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) at 2% of the total weight of each specimen. The flexural and tensile strengths were measured for dry composites and also measured after 24 h of water immersion of the composites (wet condition). By increasing the filler content, the flexural and tensile strengths and also the density of the specimens decreased. The type of matrix (PE or PP) did not affect significantly the flexural strength, but PP led to higher values of tensile strength for low fiber loadings (45% and 60%). Coupling agents increased the flexural and tensile strength. After water immersion, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were decreased, while tensile strength was less influenced.

Effect of synthesis parameters on thermal behavior of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin

2001 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Dae Park ◽  
Bernard Riedl ◽  
Yoon SooKim ◽  
Won Tek So
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Resol Resin

scholarly journals The role of phenols from bagasse vacuum pyrolysis bio-oil in cupper sulfured ore flotation

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Author(s):  
L. E. Brossard ◽  
A. L. Beraldo ◽  
L. A. B. Cortez ◽  
L. E. Brossard Jr ◽  
E. D. Maury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

Properties of thermally modified medium-density fibreboards

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bonigut ◽  
Detlef Krug ◽  
Beate Stephani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
European Standards

Abstract Thermal treatment of solid timber and oriented strandboards (OSB) improves durability against fungal decay and dimensional stability (swelling and shrinking). It is not clear whether thermal treatment of medium-density fibreboards (MDF) has the same effects. In this work, four variants of phenol-formaldehyde (PF)-bonded MDF with varying contents of resin and hydrophobing agent were thermally post-treated according to the Mühlböck procedure at three different maxi-mum temperatures. The short-term properties internal bond, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, thickness swelling and equilibrium moisture content and the long-term property creep behaviour of treated variants and of one untreated variant have been tested. The results are presented and discussed in comparison with the respective European standards. Altogether, the thermal treatment had a positive effect on most of the tested mechanical short-term properties. The moisture-related properties, i.e., thickness swelling and equilibrium moisture content, were also positively influenced. The creep behaviour of heat-treated MDF could also be improved by thermal modification.

Preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers (polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol) and its application in rotogravure ink formulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Assem ◽  
Heba A. Mohamed ◽  
Rana Said ◽  
Ahmed El-Masry
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Weights

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol (PEA-b-PEG)s and study their performance as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations. Design/methodology/approach Series of amphiphilic block copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5) were prepared by the reaction of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights (300, 1,000, 2,000, 10,000 and 20,000 g/mol), respectively. Full characterization of the prepared copolymers was achieved using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers for neat nitrocellulose resin were studied in different formulations, namely, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 containing copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5), respectively. In addition to formula R0 that contains acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as a commercial plasticizer. The mechanical properties, thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) and optical properties of the prepared formulations films were investigated. Theses amphiphilic block copolymers were then applied as plasticizers in different rotogravure ink formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) and compared with commercial rotogravure ink formula (F0). The color measurements and optical properties of all formulations were achieved. Findings It was found that the performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers in different formulations based on nitro cellulose resin gives better gloss, adhesion for R1 compared with the other samples and color strength for F1 compared with F0. Finally, all the samples gave excellent plasticizing effect. Research limitations/implications The authors believe that type of these materials open the way for a new class of plasticizers that upon application or even degradation gives small ecofriendly molecules (adipic acid and or ethylene glycol moieties) taking into consideration the simplicity of the rout of the synthesis process. Practical implications The prepared ecofriendly (PEA-b-PEG)s could be successfully used as plasticizers instead of commercial plasticizer ATBC. Originality/value The research provides that the prepared (PEA-b-PEG)s with different molecular weights can act as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations, and their performance was acceptable and available.

scholarly journals Accreditation of Novel Roselle Grafted Fiber Reinforced Bio-Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Balbir Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Uptake Studies

The reaction parameters for the graft co-polymerization of efficient Butyl acrylate (BA) monomer onto Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) stem fiber were optimized and used to further explore the additive effect of methyl acrylate (MA), vinyl acetate (VA) and styrene (Sty) on percentage grafting, properties and the behavior of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft co-polymers were characterized by XRD, TGA, DTA, SEM and FTIR techniques and evaluated for physico-chemical changes like moisture absorption, swelling behavior, dye uptake studies and chemical resistance against 1N NaOH and 1N HCl. With increase in percentage grafting the percentage crystallinity, crystallinity index, and hydrophylicity were reduced whereas there was an increase in physico-chemico-thermal resistance, hydrophobicity, miscibility with organic solvents as a result of morphological transformation in these fibers. These modified graft copolymers were then used as reinforcement in phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix as reinforcement and evaluated mechanically for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, stress at the limit of proportionality and hardness. The composites reinforced with grafted fiber had better strength than raw fiber reinforced composites and phenoplast.

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