scholarly journals The concept of technological proximity in the development of European Union national innovative systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (51) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rastvortseva ◽  
Aizhan Amanalieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Degree Of Participation

Abstract The development of national innovative systems is intended to solve a number of issues: from decreasing socio-economic inequality in countries and regions to creating environments favourable to new high-tech production and diversification of industrial composition. Determination of the possibilities for expanding the set of innovative types of economic activity must be scientifically substantiated, since significant financial, material and human resources may be consumed in creating and supporting new economic sectors within the framework of state policy. This article contains an attempt to create a mechanism for revealing promising trends in the development of an innovative economic sphere, taking into account comparative advantages in the commodity composition of exports by determining technological proximity indicators. The article aims to substantiate the possibility of using the concept of technological proximity in developing national innovative systems. The study employs technological proximity indicators based on the revealed comparative advantages (RCA) of countries by commodity groups of export. A matrix of technological proximity in the industrial fields (at a six-unit level) for 28 countries of the European Union in 2007–18 was made. The results revealed comparative advantages by groups of high-tech products in EU countries in real time. The analysis of technological proximity in the industrial sector has shown the types of economic activity connected with the innovative sector, which was used to determine the countries’ degree of participation in the manufacture of high-tech products. The proposed mechanism can be used in the development and implementation of national and regional policy in the sphere of innovative systems, since it allows promising areas for creation and support of new high-tech productions to be determined.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of odor legal solutions and study on their implementation possibilities in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Leszek Karski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National System ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Odor Emission

The problem of odor nuisance requires undertaking legal means that aim towards implementation of regulations in order to improve the odor-related quality of air in selected areas in Poland. So far the works carried out in the country were concluded by drawing up ‘The guidelines for the bill on counteracting the odor nuisance’. However, as a result of completed social consultations in Poland, the Ministry of Environment, in 2015, resigned from implementing of so called anti-odor act. Currently, the legislature is taking steps which aim at undertaking specific actions in order to introduce solutions, which would directly regulate the issues of odors and the odor nuisance, to the national system. In the countries of the European Union, the issues related to odors are solved in diversified ways and the system still lacks of a uniform proposition, among others related to odor standards. In connection with the above, actions that are taken on a national level should fundamentally aim at developing national odor standards which would take into account the type / the kind of economic activity being a source of odor emission (e.g. clearly separated for existing objects and planned investments), at establishing a procedure and also legal and operational requirements related to determination and the types of zones with defined values of acceptable concentration and determination of reference methodology in monitoring, and modeling the dispersion of odors e.g. including strictly defined frequency of necessary tests. In addition, the process should be accompanied by a creation of financial mechanisms and streams in range of investments related to the development of technology and methods used to limit emission of odors.

scholarly journals Smart Specialization of Workforce Structure in the European Union Countries – Dynamic Analysis Applying Shift-Share Analysis Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Smart Specialization

The objective of the hereby paper is to present dynamic analysis and assessment of workforce structure in the European Union countries based on structural and geographical shift-share analysis. Workforce structure in economic sectors, distinguished based on R&D work intensity in the European Union countries in the period of 2008-2010, was the subject of diversification and transformations assessment. Shift-share analysis enabled the decomposition of occurring changes into regional, structural and global effects as well as the identification of the, so called, allocation effect resulting in the classification of the studied countries with regard to combinations of local specialization and competitive advantages. The performed research also allowed for the identification different kinds of workforce structure characterized by smart specialization (significant share of workforce in high-tech manufacturing sector or high-tech services sector) and the assessment of generated structural and competitive effects.

Integration processes in higher education

2021 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
M.A. Polozhishnikova ◽  
E.Yu. Raikova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Education System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The article defines the features of higher education in the Eurasian Economic Union and the prospects for cooperation with the European Union in the field of training personnel capable of solving the problems of eliminating technical barriers in the implementation of foreign economic activity and identifies the main integration processes in the higher education system.

scholarly journals Polish “Entrepreneur” and EU “Undertaking”: Multilingualism and Differences in Legal Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maciej Etel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Legal Identification ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union and its member-states’ involvement in the economic sphere, manifesting itself in establishing the rules of entrepreneurs’ functioning – their responsibilities and entitlements – requires a precise determination of the addressees of these standards. Proper identification of an entrepreneur is a condition of proper legislation, interpretation, application, control and execution of the law. In this context it is surprising that understanding the term entrepreneur in Polish law and in EU law is not the same, and divergences and differences in identification are fundamental. This fact formed the objective of this article. It is aimed at pointing at key differences in the identification of an entrepreneur between Polish and EU law, explaining the reasons for different concepts, and also the answer to the question: May Poland, as an EU member-state, identify the entrepreneur in a different way than the EU?

scholarly journals THE DETERMINATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Mentor Lecaj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to explain the legal, political and moral obligation of the European Union institutions in the promotion, advancement, respect, and implementation of human rights and freedoms as a universal value, and above all as binding legal- political principles during their efforts in relations with actors both inside and outside the EU. This research work simultaneously analyzes and interprets international legal rules that regulate human rights. Moreover, the cases and means in promoting the human rights used by the European Union in different cultural regions have been compared and analyzed as well as the possibility of changing the approach of EU policy towards countries where the highest level of resistance exist in the accepting of such values.

scholarly journals Are CO2 emissions converging in the European Union? Policy implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Rafael Morales-Lage ◽  
Aurelia Bengochea-Morancho ◽  
Immaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional

This paper focuses on the process of convergence in per capita CO2 emissions that would occur if the measures taken by the European Union to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments had been effective. We apply a time series and cross-sectional analysis to test for the existence of convergence among countries and for different economic sectors. The sample covers data for the 28 member countries from 1960 to 2012. The results show weak absolute convergence across countries but clear evidence of conditional convergence, with GDP, the weight of industrial sector and the use of renewable energies being the main drivers of divergence. Concerning sectors, there is an increase of emissions in the agricultural sector, but a reduction in the industrial and energy sectors. Different patterns arise in the energy subsectors where manufacturing and electricity notably reduced their emissions while the transport sector increased them in all countries.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ZAGREB

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinko Miličević ◽  
Danijel Knežević ◽  
Zoran Bubaš
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The problems in this paper belong to the field of migration and economy. The connection between migration and the economy has been proven on a global level, and as far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is especially important to observe it through the City of Zagreb, which is the most important migration and economic center in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union emphasized the observation and research of this connection because it created the preconditions for freer movement and employment of the population of the Republic of Croatia and the City of Zagreb within the European Union. The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that there is a significant contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The disposition of the paper consists of six parts. The introduction explains the relevance of the topic, states the aim of the paper and hypotheses, explains the empirical part, the contribution of the paper and the disposition. The second part of the paper refers to the theoretical framework of the impact of migration on economic growth. The third part of the paper presents the migration processes of the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2018. The fourth part deals with economic activity in the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2017. The observed indicators of economic activity in the City of Zagreb are GDP and GDP per capita, and the graph in this part of the paper shows that GDP and GDP per capita in the observed period are higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. The fifth part of the paper refers to the empirical research of the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The empirical part of the paper is based on correlations and regression analyses. This paper proves the hypothesis because the results indicate a significant impact of the variables of total and external migration on the GDP of the City of Zagreb and GDP per capita of the City of Zagreb. Decision-makers in the City of Zagreb can use the results of the research as a basis for maximizing the economic benefits they can get from migration. The conclusion provides an overview of the aim of the work, the results of the research, the limitations, the implications and the recommendations for future research.

Digitalization of the social services system in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yehorova-Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
To Receive

Problem setting. The rapid development of public relations determines the use of information technology in all spheres of life, including in the field of public administration. There is no doubt about the need to introduce elements of e-government into everyday life, as it improves the lives of ordinary citizens, increases trust in public authorities and local governments, reduces the time spent on businesses and individuals needed to receive services. Analysis of recent research. The issue of providing digital social services was paid attention to by, V.P Kohan, M.M. Petrova, N.M. Terletska, D.I. Rusnak, V.L. Polar, V.V. Ripples. The formation of an appropriate mechanism for the digital provision of social administrative services in Ukraine remains unresolved. Target of research. The article is to define the tasks for the formation of the administrative and legal mechanism and the use of digitalization in the provision of social administrative services. Article’s main body. New online services are being introduced on the territory of Ukraine, which enable consumers to receive it remotely. In our opinion, in the future, these services should simplify the procedure for accessing them, given the subjects who are primarily interested in using them, and expand the scope of their provision: from informing the consumer to receiving the result. But these tasks can be accomplished only with the proper financial and material support of local governments, including the poorest financially united territorial communities. In addition, local governments should be required to retain technical specialists and consultants who will provide software and hardware for the provision of administrative social services and eliminate the inability of certain segments of the population to use high-tech digital services. These tasks should be attributed to those that require constant monitoring of their implementation and improvement of their mechanism. Features of the regime of social services are that: 1) their list is not defined by law, so it is more determined by the subjects – recipients of services; 2) socialization of services involves the organization of simplified access of citizens to administrative services; 3) the mechanism for providing accessible social services must ensure the protection of personal data of service recipients. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The unification of types of social administrative services and mechanisms of their provision with similar services provided in the countries of the European Union may be key to Ukraine’s progress towards a single digital space with the European Union.

12. Citizenship and free movement of persons: workers and establishment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Establishment ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons

This chapter examines the free movement of workers, family members and non-active persons, and freedom of establishment, and places this within the framework of citizenship of the European Union. The free movement of workers is one of the original four freedoms in the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community. Free movement of workers was essential for the construction of an internal market, and for several decades the freedom to move within the Community maintained its strict link with economic activity.

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