Thermodynamic instability; oscillations, and modification of nerve synapses

2005 ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
K. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Instability

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Instability of A Self-Assembled 16-Residue Alanine-Based Oligopeptide in Aqueous Media: Hydrogel, Fibril, and Beaded Filament Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 251a
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Measey ◽  
Konstantin Kornev ◽  
Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

scholarly journals Evaluation of WRF Model Simulations of Tornadic and Nontornadic Outbreaks Occurring in the Spring and Fall

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098-4119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Shafer ◽  
Andrew E. Mercer ◽  
Lance M. Leslie ◽  
Michael B. Richman ◽  
Charles A. Doswell
Keyword(s):  
Wrf Model ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Tornado Outbreaks ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Abstract Recent studies, investigating the ability to use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to distinguish tornado outbreaks from primarily nontornadic outbreaks when initialized with synoptic-scale data, have suggested that accurate discrimination of outbreak type is possible up to three days in advance of the outbreaks. However, these studies have focused on the most meteorologically significant events without regard to the season in which the outbreaks occurred. Because tornado outbreaks usually occur during the spring and fall seasons, whereas the primarily nontornadic outbreaks develop predominantly during the summer, the results of these studies may have been influenced by climatological conditions (e.g., reduced shear, in the mean, in the summer months), in addition to synoptic-scale processes. This study focuses on the impacts of choosing outbreaks of severe weather during the same time of year. Specifically, primarily nontornadic outbreaks that occurred during the summer have been replaced with outbreaks that do not occur in the summer. Subjective and objective analyses of the outbreak simulations indicate that the WRF’s capability of distinguishing outbreak type correctly is reduced when the seasonal constraints are included. However, accuracy scores exceeding 0.7 and skill scores exceeding 0.5 using 1-day simulation fields of individual meteorological parameters, show that precursor synoptic-scale processes play an important role in the occurrence or absence of tornadoes in severe weather outbreaks. Low-level storm-relative helicity parameters and synoptic parameters, such as geopotential heights and mean sea level pressure, appear to be most helpful in distinguishing outbreak type, whereas thermodynamic instability parameters are noticeably both less accurate and less skillful.

Thermodynamic instability of de Sitter space

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1616-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Mottola
Keyword(s):  
De Sitter Space ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Addressing thermodynamic Instability of Zn anode: classical and recent advancements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Naveed ◽  
Tahir Rasheed ◽  
Bareera Raza ◽  
Jiahang Chen ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zn Anode ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Intraseasonal Forcing of Convection and Lightning Activity in the Southern Amazon as a Function of Cross-Equatorial Flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 3180-3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Petersen ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Mingxuan Chen ◽  
Richard Blakeslee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Shear ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
Water Path ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ice Water Path ◽  
Stratiform Precipitation ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Abstract This study focuses on modulation of lightning and convective vertical structure in the southern Amazon as a function of the South American monsoon V index (VI). Four wet seasons (December–March 1998–2001) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Precipitation Radar (PR) data are examined together with two wet seasons (2000–01) of ground-based Brazilian Lightning Detection Network (BLDN) data. These observations are composited by VI phase (northerly or southerly) for a region of the southern Amazon and discussed relative to VI-regime environmental characteristics such as thermodynamic instability and wind shear. Relative comparisons of VI-regime convective properties reveal 1) slightly larger (20%–25%) PR pixel-mean rainfall during periods of northerly VI due to increased stratiform precipitation, 2) a factor of 2 or more increase in lightning flash density and the lightning diurnal cycle amplitude during periods of southerly VI, 3) a factor of 1.5–2 increase in the conditional probability of any PR radar reflectivity pixel exceeding 30 dBZ above the −10°C level during periods of southerly VI, and 4) an associated factor of 2 or more increase in southerly VI pixel-mean ice water path, with the ice water path being highly correlated to trends in lightning activity. During periods of southerly VI, convection occurs in an environment of increased thermodynamic instability, weak southeasterly low-level, and deep upper-tropospheric easterly wind shear. During periods of northerly VI, low-level westerly shear opposes stronger deep tropospheric easterly shear in a relatively moist environment of weaker thermodynamic instability, consistent with the occurrence of more widespread stratiform precipitation. The composite results of this study point to 1) regime differences in convective forcing that alter the prevalence of ice processes and, by inference, the vertical profile of latent heating and 2) the utility of lightning observations in delineating convective regime changes.

Data Analysis of the Effect of Onion, Glycine and Cassava Additives on the Coating Performance of Zn Electrodeposition on Plain Carbon Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Roland Tolulope Loto ◽  
Cleophas Akintoye Loto ◽  
Joel Egileoniso
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Data analysis of the coating performance of Zn electrodeposited plain carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution at specific volume addition (5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml) of onion, glycine and cassava (ON, GY and CS) distillate additives, and at plating time of 15 and 18 mins with respect to 538 h of observation time was performed. Analytical outputs showed ON distillate most effectively improved the Zn electrodeposited by 14% at 10 ml volume and plating time of 15 mins. GY and CS distillate generally improved the Zn electrodeposited at all volumes and plating time with optimal values of 42.7% and 45.7% at 15 ml and plating times of 15 and 18 mins. Generally, coating performance varied significantly with observation time, but marginally with plating time and additive volume. The standard deviation values for onion additive showed significant variation from mean values due to relative thermodynamic instability of it coating performance with respect to observation time. This contrast the output observed for GY and CS additives which signifies thermodynamic equilibrium. The proportion of coating performance data above 10% improvement for the additives are (ON, GY and CS) are 32%, 85% and 78% at margin of error of 11.8%, 9.04% and 10.42%. Analysis of variance showed ON and GY additive volume only, influenced the coating performance output of the additives at 64.56% and 74.67% while CS additive volume and observation time influenced the coating performance output of CS at values of 91.18% and 3.27%.

scholarly journals How Prebiotic Chemistry and Early Life Chose Phosphate

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Liu ◽  
Jean-Christophe Rossi ◽  
Robert Pascal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mixed Anhydrides ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Intrinsic Reactivity ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

The very specific thermodynamic instability and kinetic stability of phosphate esters and anhydrides impart them invaluable properties in living organisms in which highly efficient enzyme catalysts compensate for their low intrinsic reactivity. Considering their role in protein biosynthesis, these properties raise a paradox about early stages: How could these species be selected in the absence of enzymes? This review is aimed at demonstrating that considering mixed anhydrides or other species more reactive than esters and anhydrides can help in solving the paradox. The consequences of this approach for chemical evolution and early stages of life are analysed.

E-BN crystallization under thermodynamic instability (p,T) conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 334-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sokołowska ◽  
A. Olszyna
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Instability

scholarly journals Thermodynamic instability of viral proteins is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern targeted by human defensins

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kudryashova ◽  
Pratibha C. Koneru ◽  
Mamuka Kvaratskhelia ◽  
Adam A. Strömstedt ◽  
Wuyuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ◽  
Human Defensins ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Macroscopic Wetting Behavior and a Method for Measuring Contact Angles

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katoh ◽  
H. Fujita ◽  
H. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
Solid Cone ◽  
Wetting Behavior ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thermodynamic Instability

Macroscopic wetting behavior is investigated theoretically from a thermodynamic viewpoint. The axisymmetric liquid meniscus formed under a conical solid surface is chosen as the subject of the theoretical analysis. Using the meniscus configuration obtained by the Laplace equation, the total free energy of the system is calculated. In the case of the half vertical angle of the cone φ = 90 deg (horizontal plate), the system shows thermodynamic instability when the meniscus attaches to the solid surface at the contact angle. This result, unlike the conventional view, agrees well with the practical wetting behavior observed in this study. On the other hand, when 0 deg < φ < 90 deg, the system shows thermodynamic stability at the contact angle. However, when the solid cone is held at a position higher than the critical height from a stationary liquid surface, the system becomes unstable. It is possible to measure the contact angle easily using this unstable phenomenon.

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