M-theory and orientifolds

Andreas P. Braun

doi:10.1007/jhep09(2020)065

M-theory and orientifolds

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep09(2020)065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas P. Braun

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Connected Sum ◽

M Theory

Abstract We construct the M-Theory lifts of type IIA orientifolds based on K3-fibred Calabi-Yau threefolds with compatible involutions. Such orientifolds are shown to lift to M-Theory on twisted connected sum G2 manifolds. Beautifully, the two building blocks forming the G2 manifold correspond to the open and closed string sectors. As an application, we show how to use such lifts to explicitly study open string moduli. Finally, we use our analysis to construct examples of G2 manifolds with different inequivalent TCS realizations.

Download Full-text

Currents, charges and algebras in exceptional generalised geometry

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep06(2021)070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

David Osten

Keyword(s):

Current Algebra ◽

Hamiltonian Formulation ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Lie Derivative ◽

Consistency Check ◽

World Volume ◽

Invariant Currents ◽

Invariant Current ◽

M Theory ◽

A Current

Abstract A classical Ed(d)-invariant Hamiltonian formulation of world-volume theories of half-BPS p-branes in type IIb and eleven-dimensional supergravity is proposed, extending known results to d ≤ 6. It consists of a Hamiltonian, characterised by a generalised metric, and a current algebra constructed s.t. it reproduces the Ed(d) generalised Lie derivative. Ed(d)-covariance necessitates the introduction of so-called charges, specifying the type of p-brane and the choice of section. For p > 2, currents of p-branes are generically non- geometric due to the imposition of U-duality, e.g. the M5-currents contain coordinates associated to the M2-momentum.A derivation of the Ed(d)-invariant current algebra from a canonical Poisson structure is in general not possible. At most, one can derive a current algebra associated to para-Hermitian exceptional geometry.The membrane in the SL(5)-theory is studied in detail. It is shown that in a generalised frame the current algebra is twisted by the generalised fluxes. As a consistency check, the double dimensional reduction from membranes in M-theory to strings in type IIa string theory is performed. Many features generalise to p-branes in SL(p + 3) generalised geometries that form building blocks for the Ed(d)-invariant currents.

Download Full-text

On the quantization of folded strings in non-critical dimensions

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep12(2020)120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Sonnenschein ◽

Dorin Weissman

Keyword(s):

Scalar Curvature ◽

Space Dimension ◽

Massive Particle ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Target Space ◽

Critical Dimensions ◽

Complete Set ◽

Rotating String ◽

Folding Point

Abstract Classical rotating closed string are folded strings. At the folding points the scalar curvature associated with the induced metric diverges. As a consequence one cannot properly quantize the fluctuations around the classical solution since there is no complete set of normalizable eigenmodes. Furthermore in the non-critical effective string action of Polchinski and Strominger, there is a divergence associated with the folds. We overcome this obstacle by putting a massive particle at each folding point which can be used as a regulator. Using this method we compute the spectrum of quantum fluctuations around the rotating string and the intercept of the leading Regge trajectory. The results we find are that the intercepts are a = 1 and a = 2 for the open and closed string respectively, independent of the target space dimension. We argue that in generic theories with an effective string description, one can expect corrections from finite masses associated with either the endpoints of an open string or the folding points on a closed string. We compute explicitly the corrections in the presence of these masses.

Download Full-text

KLT factorization of winding string amplitudes

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep06(2021)057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jaume Gomis ◽

Ziqi Yan ◽

Matthew Yu

Keyword(s):

Scattering Amplitudes ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Open Strings ◽

Toroidal Compactifications ◽

Quantum Numbers ◽

String Amplitudes

Abstract We uncover a Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT)-type factorization of closed string amplitudes into open string amplitudes for closed string states carrying winding and momentum in toroidal compactifications. The winding and momentum closed string quantum numbers map respectively to the integer and fractional winding quantum numbers of open strings ending on a D-brane array localized in the compactified directions. The closed string amplitudes factorize into products of open string scattering amplitudes with the open strings ending on a D-brane configuration determined by closed string data.

Download Full-text

Effective Action from M-Theory on Twisted Connected Sum G 2-Manifolds

Communications in Mathematical Physics ◽

10.1007/s00220-017-3045-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 359 (2) ◽

pp. 535-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thaisa C. da C. Guio ◽

Hans Jockers ◽

Albrecht Klemm ◽

Hung-Yu Yeh

Keyword(s):

Effective Action ◽

Connected Sum ◽

M Theory

Download Full-text

Geometry of orientifold vacua and supersymmetry breaking

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep07(2021)104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Thibaut Coudarchet ◽

Emilian Dudas ◽

Hervé Partouche

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

Supersymmetry Breaking ◽

Effective Field Theory ◽

Scalar Potential ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Effective Field ◽

Internal Space ◽

Gravitino Mass ◽

The One

Abstract Starting from a peculiar orientifold projection proposed long ago by Angelantonj and Cardella, we elaborate on a novel perturbative scenario that involves only D-branes, together with the two types of orientifold planes O± and anti-orientifold planes $$ {\overline{\mathrm{O}}}_{\pm } $$ O ¯ ± . We elucidate the microscopic ingredients of such models, connecting them to a novel realization of brane supersymmetry breaking. Depending on the position of the D-branes in the internal space, supersymmetry can be broken at the string scale on branes, or alternatively only at the massive level. The main novelty of this construction is that it features no NS-NS disk tadpoles, while avoiding open-string instabilities. The one-loop potential, which depends on the positions of the D-branes, is minimized for maximally broken, non-linearly realized supersymmetry. The orientifold projection and the effective field theory description reveal a soft breaking of supersymmetry in the closed-string sector. In such models it is possible to decouple the gravitino mass from the value of the scalar potential, while avoiding brane instabilities.

Download Full-text

WIGNER THEORY OF THE NAMBU STRING: (II) THE CLOSED STRING

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x92001848 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 07 (17) ◽

pp. 4107-4148 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. COLOMO ◽

L. LUSANNA

Keyword(s):

Minkowski Space ◽

Canonical Basis ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Zero Modes ◽

Left And Right ◽

The One

A set of relative variables for the closed string with P2>0 is found, which has Wigner covariance properties. They allow one to obtain global Lorentz-invariant abelianizations of the constraints, like for the open string, and then global Lorentz-invariant canonically conjugated gauge variables are found. But now there are two extra zero modes in the constraints and in the gauge variables, related to the gauge arbitrariness of the origin σ0 of the circle σ∈(−n, π) embedded in Minkowski space, σ↦xμ(σ). By means of the multitemporal approach a noncanonical redundant set of Dirac observables for the left and right modes is defined; they transform as spin-1 Wigner vectors and satisfy constraints of the same kind as in σ models. The quantization is not made, because a canonical basis of observables is still lacking, but the program to be followed to find them is just the same as the one delineated for the case of the open string.

Download Full-text

Open-closed string correspondence in open string field theory

Fortschritte der Physik ◽

10.1002/prop.200710505 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (4-5) ◽

pp. 343-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Baumgartl ◽

I. Sachs

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

String Field Theory ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String

Download Full-text

A REVIEW OF SYMMETRY ALGEBRAS OF QUANTUM MATRIX MODELS IN THE LARGE N LIMIT

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x99002074 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (28) ◽

pp. 4395-4455 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C.-W. H. LEE ◽

S. G. RAJEEV

Keyword(s):

Matrix Models ◽

Lie Algebras ◽

Virasoro Algebra ◽

Open String ◽

Closed String ◽

Quantum Spin ◽

Cuntz Algebra ◽

Large N ◽

Effective Models ◽

Quantum Matrix

This is a review article in which we will introduce, in a unifying fashion and with more intermediate steps in some difficult calculations, two infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of quantum matrix models, one for the open string sector and the other for the closed string sector. Physical observables of quantum matrix models in the large N limit can be expressed as elements of these Lie algebras. We will see that both algebras arise as quotient algebras of a larger Lie algebra. We will also discuss some properties of these Lie algebras not published elsewhere yet, and briefly review their relationship with well-known algebras like the Cuntz algebra, the Witt algebra and the Virasoro algebra. We will also review how the Yang–Mills theory, various low energy effective models of string theory, quantum gravity, string-bit models, and the quantum spin chain models can be formulated as quantum matrix models. Studying these algebras thus help us understand the common symmetry of these physical systems.

Download Full-text

DERIVING THE FOUR-STRING AND OPEN-CLOSED STRING INTERACTIONS FROM GEOMETRIC STRING FIELD THEORY

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x90000313 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 659-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MICHIO KAKU

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

String Field Theory ◽

Geometric Theory ◽

Open String ◽

Bound State ◽

Closed String ◽

String Length ◽

Light Cone Gauge ◽

New Class ◽

Coulomb Term

One of the baffling questions concerning the covariant open string field theory is why there are two distinct BRST theories and why the four-string interaction appears in one version but not the other. We solve this mystery by showing that both theories are gauge-fixed versions of a higher gauge theory, called the geometric string field theory, with a new field, a string vierbein [Formula: see text], which allows us to gauge the string length and σ-parametrization. By fixing the gauge, we can derive the “endpoint gauge” (the covariantized light cone gauge), the “midpoint gauge” of Witten, or the “interpolating gauge” with arbitrary string lengths. We show explicitly that the four-string interaction is a gauge artifact of the geometric theory (the counterpart of the four-fermion instantaneous Coulomb term of QED). By choosing the interpolating gauge, we produce a new class of four-string interactions which smoothly interpolate between the endpoint gauge and the midpoint gauge (where it vanishes). Similarly, we can extract the closed string as a bound state of the open string, which appears in the endpoint gauge but vanishes in the midpoint gauge. Thus, the four-string and open-closed string interactions do not have to be added to the action as long as the string vierbein is included.

Download Full-text