Comprehensive investigation and prediction model for mechanical properties of coconut wood–polylactic acid composites filaments for FDM 3D printing

3D printing has rapidly become popular in both industry and private use. Especially fused deposition modeling has increased its popularity due to its relatively low cost. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge in the mechanical properties of parts made of wood-plastic composite materials by using 3D printing. The tensile properties and impact strength of two 3D-printed commercial wood-plastic composite materials are studied and compared to those made of pure polylactic acid. Relative to weight –mechanical properties and the effect of the amount of fill on the properties are also determined. The results indicate that parts made of wood-plastic composites have notably lower tensile strength and impact strength that those made of pure polylactic acid. The mechanical properties can be considered sufficient for low-stress applications, such as visualization of prototypes and models or decorative items.

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Experimental Study of 3D printing Density Effect on the Mechanical Properties of the Carbon-Fiber and Polylactic Acid Specimens

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.37.4a.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4A) ◽

pp. 128-132

Author(s):

Wafa Soud ◽

Ihsan Baqer ◽

Mohammed Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Density Effect

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Effect of Porosity and Crystallinity on 3D Printed PLA Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11091487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1487 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yuhan Liao ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Bartolomeo Coppola ◽

Giuseppina Barra ◽

Luciano Di Maio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

3D Printed ◽

Physical Changes ◽

Crystalline Forms

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising technology for the rapid tooling and fabrication of complex geometry components. Among all AM techniques, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used technique for polymers. However, the consistency and properties control of the FFF product remains a challenging issue. This study aims to investigate physical changes during the 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA). The correlations between the porosity, crystallinity and mechanical properties of the printed parts were studied. Moreover, the effects of the build-platform temperature were investigated. The experimental results confirmed the anisotropy of printed objects due to the occurrence of orientation phenomena during the filament deposition and the formation both of ordered and disordered crystalline forms (α and δ, respectively). A heat treatment post-3D printing was proposed as an effective method to improve mechanical properties by optimizing the crystallinity (transforming the δ form into the α one) and overcoming the anisotropy of the 3D printed object.

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Printability and properties of 3D-printed poplar fiber/polylactic acid biocomposite

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.2774-2788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 2774-2788

Author(s):

Zhaozhe Yang ◽

Xinhao Feng ◽

Min Xu ◽

Denis Rodrigue

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Longitudinal Stripe ◽

3D Printed ◽

First Time ◽

Printing Parameters

To efficiently and economically utilize a wood-plastic biocomposite, an eco-friendly biocomposite was prepared using modified poplar fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) via 3D printing technology for the first time. First, the effects of poplar fiber (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) on the mechanical and rheological properties of the printed biocomposites were investigated. Subsequently, the printing parameters, including printing temperature, speed, and layer thickness, were optimized to obtain the biocomposite with superior properties. Finally, four printing orientations were applied to the biocomposite based on the optimized printing parameters to study the effect of filament orientation on the properties of the biocomposite. Favorable printability and mechanical properties of the biocomposite were obtained at 5% poplar fiber. The optimal printing temperature of 220 °C, speed of 40 mm/s, and layer thickness of 0.2 mm were obtained to produce the desired mechanical properties of the biocomposite with the printing orientation in a longitudinal stripe. However, the printing parameters should be chosen according to the applications, where different physical and mechanical properties are needed to achieve efficient and economical utilization of the biocomposites.

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The Effect of Chemical Cleaning on Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid

Journal of Medical Devices ◽

10.1115/1.4046120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julie C. Fleischer ◽

Jan C. Diehl ◽

Linda S. G. L. Wauben ◽

Jenny Dankelman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spare Parts ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Chemical Cleaning ◽

Middle Income ◽

3D Printed

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing may be a solution to shortages of equipment and spare parts in the healthcare sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Polylactic acid (PLA) for 3D printing is widely available and biocompatible, but there is a gap in knowledge concerning its compatibility with chemical disinfectants. In this study, 3D-printed PLA tensile samples were created with six different printer settings. Each of these six batches consisted of five sets with five or six samples. The first set remained untreated, the others were soaked in Cidex OPA or in a chlorine solution. These were applied for seven consecutive days or in 25 short cycles. All samples were weighed before and after treatment and subjected to a tensile test. Results showed that a third of the treatments led to an increase of the median weight with a maximum of 8.3%, however, the samples with the best surface quality did not change. The median strength increase was 12.5% and the largest decrease was 8.8%. The median stiffness decreased 3.6% in one set and increased in three others up to 13.6%. When 3D printing PLA medical tools, surface porosity must be minimized to prevent transfer of disinfectants to people. The wide variability of mechanical properties due to 3D printing itself and as a consequence of disinfection must be considered when designing medical tools by selecting appropriate printer settings. If these conditions are met, reusing 3D-printed PLA medical tools seems safe from a mechanical point of view.

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Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Using a New 3D Printer Nozzle

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2018.7142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 666-675

Author(s):

Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽

Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin ◽

B. T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽

Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽

Mohd Idris Shah Ismail

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

3D Printer ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

The Stability ◽

Stability And Accuracy

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is the process of developing 3D products in a layer-by-layer manner using filament as a material feedstock to create a solid structure. Owing to its unique properties and advantages, which include biodegradability and printing speed, polylactic acid is one of the most common 3D printing extrusion materials. While a considerable attention has been paid to the manipulation of process parameters in order to achieve desired finished product quality, to date less research has been performed on improving the hardware systems of low-cost 3D printers. This study focuses on fabricating the 3D printer nozzle parts, with an emphasis on die angle, nozzle diameter, liquefier design, and insulator composition. Modifying the properties of these components from the conventional nozzle, it is possible to optimize the stability and accuracy of the extrusion process, leading to better-quality printed products. To demonstrate the capability of the new nozzle, its tensile and compressive strengths were compared to those of a conventional nozzle. The obtained results proved that the proposed augmentations to the nozzle system lead to finished products with improved mechanical properties.

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