scholarly journals The distributional consequences of social distancing on poverty and labour income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaure Delaporte ◽  
Julia Escobar ◽  
Werner Peña
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

AbstractThis paper estimates the potential distributional consequences of the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdowns on poverty and labour income inequality in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We estimate the share of individuals that are potentially able to remain active under the lockdown by taking into account individuals’ teleworking capacity but also whether their occupation is affected by legal workplace closures or mobility restrictions. Furthermore, we compare the shares under the formal (de jure) lockdown policies assuming perfect compliance with the shares under de facto lockdowns where there is some degree of non-compliance. We then estimate individuals’ potential labour income losses and examine changes in poverty and labour income inequality. We find an increase in poverty and labour income inequality in most of the LAC countries due to social distancing; however, the observed changes are lower under de facto lockdowns, revealing the potential role of non-compliance as a coping strategy during the lockdowns. Social distancing measures have led to an increase in inequality both between and within countries. Lastly, we show that most of the dispersion in the labour income loss across countries is explained by the sectoral/occupational employment structure of the economies.

scholarly journals Peran CELAC dalam Menangani Krisis Pangan di Haiti

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Eka Safitri Minabari ◽  
Farayani Hamin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
High Level ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

This research attempts to understand the role of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) in carrying out the Zero Hunger program in Haiti. Compared to the other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Haiti is the country that has the highest poverty and malnutrition rates. This becomes the basis for CELAC to take roles in the problem. By using research methods and international concepts proposed by Clive Archer and Andre Pariera, this study produces two findings about CELAC in overcoming problems related to malnutrition in Haiti. First, CELAC plays a role as an arena an actor through the provision of the High-Level Conference and Ministerial Conference that discusses the problems in Haiti. Second, CELAC has a role as an initiator through the promotion of dialogue between countries to exchange experiences on national social programs.

Mortality Amenable to Health Care in Latin American Cities: Examining Between-Country Variation in Amenable Mortality and the Potential Role of Urban Metrics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pricila Mullachery ◽  
Daniel A. Rodriguez ◽  
J. Jaime Miranda ◽  
Nancy Lopez-Olmedo ◽  
Kevin Martinez-Folgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Amenable Mortality ◽  
Urban Metrics ◽  
American Cities

scholarly journals Interest in COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean: an infodemiological study using Google Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Jesús Aragón-Ayala ◽  
Julissa Copa-Uscamayta ◽  
Luis Herrera ◽  
Frank Zela-Coila ◽  
Cender Udai Quispe-Juli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Search Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Infodemiology has been widely used to assess epidemics. In light of the recent pandemic, we use Google Search data to explore online interest about COVID-19 and related topics in 20 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Data from Google Trends from December 12, 2019, to April 25, 2020, regarding COVID-19 and other related topics were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and with national epidemiological indicators. The Latin American and Caribbean countries with the most interest for COVID-19 were Peru (100%) and Panama (98.39%). No correlation was found between this interest and national epidemiological indicators. The global and local response time were 20.2 ± 1.2 days and 16.7 ± 15 days, respectively. The duration of public attention was 64.8 ± 12.5 days. The most popular topics related to COVID-19 were: the country’s situation (100 ± 0) and coronavirus symptoms (36.82 ± 16.16). Most countries showed a strong or moderated (r = 0.72) significant correlation between searches related to COVID-19 and daily new cases. In addition, the highest significant lag correlation was found on day 13.35 ± 5.76 (r = 0.79). Interest shown by Latin American and Caribbean countries for COVID-19 was high. The degree of online interest in a country does not clearly reflect the magnitude of their epidemiological indicators. The response time and the lag correlation were greater than in European and Asian countries. Less interest was found for preventive measures. Strong correlation between searches for COVID-19 and daily new cases suggests a predictive utility.

International Courts in Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caserta
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Court Of Justice ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

The book provides the first in-depth and empirically grounded analysis on the foundations and trajectories of gaining authority of the four Latin American and Caribbean regional economic courts: the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ), the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), the Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ), and the Mercosur Permanent Review Court (PRC). While these courts were, on their terms, established to build common markets and to enforce trade liberalization, they have often developed bodies of jurisprudence in domains often not directly associated with regional economic integration. The CCJ has been most successful in the area of human and fundamental rights; the CACJ has addressed issues related to the enforcement of the rule of law in national legal arenas and long-standing border disputes between the countries of the region; the ATJ is an island of effective adjudication on intellectual property issues; and the PRC has significantly struggled to receive a significant number of cases to rule upon all together. The particular trajectories of the four Latin American and Caribbean Regional Economic Courts (RECs) suggest that there is no universal formula for success for these institutions and that their operational path is not necessarily a function of their formally delegated competences and/or of the will of the Member States, as it is often argued in mainstream legal and political science literature. Rather, local socio-political contextual factors—such as the historical legacies of a region, the interests and dynamics of socialization of legally and politically situated actors, the nature of national and regional politics, and legal culture—often play a far more decisive role in influencing the direction of RECs during and after their establishment.

Development of National Broadband Plans in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Garcia-Zaballos ◽  
Paul Garnett ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Hector Urrea Ayala ◽  
Pau Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
General Lack ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Evaluation Programs ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

All governments in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region should have a national broadband plan (NBP) as a key pillar for any digital agenda. Most countries have adopted them; however, most plans are outdated and, in general, lack clear, ambitious, and achievable policy-related commitments and quantifiable targets. Many also lack effective monitoring and evaluation programs. This publication details the benefits of and proposes a framework for NBPs in the region. As the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development has pointed out, a well-formed national broadband plan is a countrys blueprint for addressing and reducing digital inequality. In addition, in its latest Affordability Report, the Alliance for Affordable Internet details the linkage between high-quality national broadband plans and progress toward affordability.

Digital Accessibility Innovation in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-105
Author(s):  
Francesca Cesa Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Internet Services ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Internet Infrastructure ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

After an analysis of gaps in implementing digital accessibility policies in the region, this chapter reviews five country case studies (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Guyana) of successful innovations leveraging their fast-expanding mobile and internet services ecosystems that could be easily replicated across the region. Those findings support the thesis that, with better policies and capacity to implement, Latin American and Caribbean countries are in a favorable position to leapfrog in promoting digital accessibility and assistive technologies and services for persons with disabilities by capitalizing on their mobile and internet infrastructure and common languages.

scholarly journals P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S599-S600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Yamamoto-Furusho ◽  
N N Parra-Holguín ◽  
E Grupo-Colombiano ◽  
F Bosques-Padilla ◽  
G Veitia-Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.

Literary and Cultural Representations of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelideth María Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
World War ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Representations of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean have been caught in the fissures of history, in part because their presence ambivalently affirms, depends upon, and simultaneously denies dominant narratives of race. While these populations are often stereotyped and mislabed as chino, Latin American countries have also made them into symbols of kinship and citizenship by providing a connection to Asia as a source of economic and political power. Yet, their presence highlights a rupture in nationalistic ideas of race that emphasize the European, African, and indigenous. Historically, Asian Latin American and Caribbean literary and cultural representations began during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565–1815) with depictions of Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino slaves and galleon laborers. Soon after, Indian and Chinese laborers were in demand as coolie trafficking became prevalent throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Toward the end of the 19th century, Latin American and Caribbean countries began to establish political ties with Asia, ushering in Asian immigrants as a replacement labor force for African slaves. By the beginning of World War II, first- and second-generation immigrants recorded their experiences in poetry, short stories, and memoirs, often in their native languages. World War II disrupted Asian diplomacy with Latin America, and Caribbean and Latin American countries enacted laws that ostracized and deported Japanese immigrants. World War II also marked a change for Asian immigrants to Latin America and the Caribbean: they shifted from temporary to permanent immigrants. Here, authors depicted myriad aspects of their identities—language and citizenship, race, and sexuality—in their birth languages. In other words, late 20th century and early 21st century literature highlights the communities as Latin American and Caribbean. Finally, the presence of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean has influenced Latin American and Caribbean literature and cultural production, highlighting them as characters and their cultures as themes. Most importantly, however, Latin American modernism emerged from a Latin American orientalism that differs from a European orientalism.

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