scholarly journals Sacrocolpopexy may cause difficult defecation by inhibiting the external opening out mechanism

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Petros ◽  
Michael Swash
Keyword(s):  
External Opening ◽  
Difficult Defecation

scholarly journals Rectal metastasis from bladder urothelial carcinoma: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ii ◽  
Shinya Munakata ◽  
Kumpei Honjo ◽  
Masaya Kawai ◽  
Shingo Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
Difficult Defecation ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Rectal Metastasis

Abstract Background Urothelial carcinoma arises from transitional cells in the urothelial tract. In advanced cases, it can metastasize locally to surrounding organs or distally to organs such as the lungs, bones, or liver. Here we describe a case of rectal metastasis from urothelial carcinoma treated with multiple sessions of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Case presentation A 72-year-old woman presented to our department with abdominal bloating andobstructed defecation. She had undergone two sessions of TURBT for early urothelial carcinoma in another hospital at 64 and 65 months ago, respectively. Cystoscopy at 3 months after the second TURBT session had indicated disease recurrence, and thus, she had been referred to our hospital for further examination, followed by TURBT for the third time at 59 months ago and for the fourth time at 48 months ago; thereafter, she had been followed up with cystoscopy every 6 months without any recurrence. However, she returned to our hospital, complaining of difficult defecation. Subsequent colonoscopy demonstrated an obstructive tumor in the rectum, which was pathologically diagnosed as metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Laparoscopic examination revealed two small areas of peritoneal dissemination in the pelvis. A sigmoid colostomy was performed without rectal tumor resection. She has been receiving chemotherapy and is still alive 10 months after surgery. Conclusions Rectal metastasis is a rare site of metastasis for urothelial carcinomas. It is important to consider the possibility of annular rectal constriction caused by infiltrating or metastasizing urothelial carcinoma when managing patients with urothelial carcinoma and with difficult defecation.

scholarly journals I. M. Lvov. Narrowing of the external opening of the cervix and its improvement in a simplified way Borissowicz'a. (Weekly, 1894, No. 29, p. 485)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
N. Kakushkin
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
External Opening ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Making a brief outline of the pathology of narrowing of the cervical drip, the author points out the narrowing of the external opening, as a common cause (96%) of infertility in women and as a cause, together with inflammatory changes in the neck, painful months. When reducing the contraction, the author often resorts to cutting the neck (Sims) and praises this method.

scholarly journals Relationship between plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone and the distribution of epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the river buffaloes’ uterine cervix during the gestational period

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375
Author(s):  
M. Goli ◽  
E. Ayen ◽  
S. Hassanzadeh ◽  
M. H. Khadem Anssari
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
External Opening ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Changes in the distribution of the epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the uterine cervix in river buffaloes at three different occasions during the gestation period were investigated by light microscopic evaluation of mucus smears prepared by wet swab sampling and Giemsa-stained. Forty five pregnant river buffaloes that were in the first (n=15), second (n=15) and third (n=15) approximately equal parts of their gestation period were sampled twice concurrently by individual wet swabs from the external opening of the uterine cervix. Five smears were prepared from each sample. Immediately after mucus sampling, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein of each animal, centrifuged immediately and stored at -20 oC to assay the plasma levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone. The results showed that changes in the percentage of the vacuolated and non-vacuolated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not statistically significant between the groups, which suggests that as the pregnancy progressed, changes in the blood levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone had little or no effect on the distribution of these cells in the region, but changes in the percentage of neutrophils were statistically significant between the groups. It was also found that changes in the percentage of macrophages between the second and third trimesters of the gestation period were not significant, but the difference between the first and the other trimesters was statistically significant. It was concluded that the percentages of neutrophils and macrophages increase significantly as the plasma concentrations of progesterone decrease during the gestation.

scholarly journals Supernumerary Nostril with Congenital Cataract

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanuj Sinha ◽  
Saumik Das ◽  
Biswajit Sikder ◽  
Sanjay Ray ◽  
Utpal Kumar Bit
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Congenital Cataract ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽  
External Opening ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Supernumerary Nostril

Supernumerary nostril is a very rare congenital anomaly. It can be unilateral or bilateral, and it sometimes occurs in the presence of other congenital deformities. Behind the external opening of a supernumerary nostril is a small accessory nasal cavity, which may or may not communicate with the normal nasal cavity on the same side. We describe a new case in which the supernumerary nostril with a small accessory nasal cavity, which did not communicate with the normal nasal cavity on the same side, appeared in a young girl who also had microcornea and congenital cataract. The accessory nasal cavity was successfully removed surgically We believe that this case may represent the first reported case of a supernumerary nostril with a congenital cataract on the same side. We also discuss the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain supernumerary nostrils.

scholarly journals Chronic Abdominal Pain and Difficult Defecation

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
Xing Huang ◽  
Zhigang Xiao ◽  
Zhongcheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽  
Difficult Defecation

A New Type of Luminescence in Fishes, III. The Gland in Cœlorhynchus cœlorhynchus Risso

1931 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Hickling
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Opening ◽  
Secretory Epithelium ◽  
New Type

The luminiferous organ of the Macrurid fish Cœlorhynchus cœlorhynchus Risso is described in this paper. It consists of a gland, flattened dorsoventrally, placed in the body-wall, just in front of the pelvic fins. The secretory epithelium is thrown into a series of tubules, projecting downwards from the roof of the gland into a system of collecting spaces: the latter are confluent, posteriorly, with a duct which leads backwards, between the pelvic fins, to the anus. Blind pouches, which run upwards for a short distance beside the rectum, arise from the duct at its external opening at the anus.

scholarly journals Laxative Effects of Yangyin Tongmi Capsule on a Model of Diphenoxylate-Induced Constipation in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Dayun Sui ◽  
Wenwen Fu ◽  
Xiaofeng Yu ◽  
Yuangeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Intestinal Hormones ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Laxative Effects ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Difficult Defecation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Related Proteins

Constipation is characterized by reduced number of bowel movements, dry stools, and difficult defecation. Yangyin Tongmi capsule (YTC), a traditional Chinese formula, is used in the treatment of constipation, while the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, this work attempted to prove the effects of YTC on constipation treatment and its possible mechanisms. KM mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group) and treated with double distilled water (Control), diphenoxylate (Model: 10 mg/kg), or diphenoxylate plus low-dose YTC (L-YTC: 0.6 g/kg) or high-dose YTC (H-YTC: 1.2 g/kg). The data indicated that YTC can significantly shorten the discharge time of the first black stool, improve intestinal propulsion rate, and increase the water content and quantity of feces in mice. ELISA suggested that YTC regulate the content of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, such as motilin (MTL), gastrin (GT), somatostatin (SST), substance P (SP), acetylcholine (Ach), and nitric oxide (NO). The expression levels of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in the colon were examined by immunohistochemistry. In the meantime, the expression levels of P2X2, C-kit, and stem cell factor (SCF) in the colon were examined by western blot analysis. The results of this study suggest that YTC has mitigative effects on diphenoxylate-induced constipation by regulating the content of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters and regulating the expression of related proteins in the colon.

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