The impact of cocaine and heroin drug history on motivation and cue sensitivity in a rat model of polydrug abuse

Abstract Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are critical life-threatening syndromes characterized by the infiltration of a large number of neutrophils that lead to an excessive inflammatory response. Emodin (Emo) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese medicine. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the impact of Emo on the pulmonary inflammatory response and the neutrophil function in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI.Results: Treatment with Emo protected rat against LPS-induced ALI. Compared to untreated rat, Emo-treated rat exhibited significantly ameliorated lung pathological changes and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, Emo has no protective effect on the rat model of acute lung injury with neutrophil deficiency. In addition, treatment with Emo enhanced the bactericidal capacity of LPS-induced neutrophils via the up-regulation of the ability of neutrophils to phagocytize bacteria and generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Emo also downregulated the neutrophil respiratory burst and the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated neutrophils, alleviating the damage of neutrophils to surrounding tissues. Finally, Emo can accelerate the resolution of inflammation by promoting apoptosis of neutrophils. Conclusion: Our results provide the evidence that Emo could ameliorates LPS-induced ALI via its anti-inflammatory action by modulating the function of neutrophils. Emo may be a promising preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of ALI.

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The Impact of Subconjuctivally Injected EGF and VEGF Inhibitors on Experimental Corneal Neovascularization in Rat Model

Current Eye Research ◽

10.3109/02713683.2011.601840 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1005-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Ender Sener ◽

Nusen Yuksel ◽

Demir Kursat Yildiz ◽

Bulent Yilmaz ◽

Ozdemir Ozdemir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Corneal Neovascularization ◽

Vegf Inhibitors ◽

The Impact

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Sepsis-Associated Cholestasis: The Impact of Mitochondrial Dysfunction (A Case Report)

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine ◽

10.37319/iqnjm.3.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Behzad Noroozi ◽

Ali Hadi ◽

Bita Shahrami ◽

Ayda Ardabili ◽

Fatemeh Yoonesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Bilirubin Level ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

High Increase ◽

Early Management ◽

Drug History ◽

Fall From Height ◽

The Impact ◽

Complications And Mortality

Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia – a condition of elevated serum bilirubin above the reference range, is common in hospitalized patients. The reasons for the increase in the bilirubin level can be pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic. Sepsis is one of the most important causes of hyperbilirubinemia in critically ill patients. Case report: We present a 30-year-old woman with no past medical and drug history who was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to multiple trauma and fractures due to a fall from height. During the ICU stay, the patient developed jaundice with a high increase in the bilirubin level. A diagnosis of sepsis-associated cholestasis was considered after ruling out other possible pathologies. The hyperbilirubinemia improved with the early management of sepsis concomitant supportive medical therapy. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of sepsis as a cause of cholestasis should be considered in ICU patients. Drugs targeting mitochondrial function would provide rapid hepatic recovery reducing complications and mortality. Keywords: Cholestasis, Critical illness, Hyperbilirubinemia, Liver failure, Sepsis

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Rapamycin Enhances Repressed Autophagy and Attenuates Aggressive Progression in a Rat Model of IgA Nephropathy

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000456039 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Di Liu ◽

Yexin Liu ◽

Guochun Chen ◽

Liyu He ◽

Chengyuan Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclin D1 ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Rat Model ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Primary Glomerulonephritis ◽

Rapamycin Treatment ◽

Model Method ◽

Sd Rats ◽

The Impact ◽

Autophagy Inhibition

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been considered to be the most frequent form of primary glomerulonephritis that occurs worldwide with a variety of factors involved in its occurrence and development. The impact of autophagy in IgAN, however, remains partially unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of rapamycin in an IgAN model. Method: After establishing an IgAN rat model, SD rats were divided into 4 groups: control, control + rapamycin, IgAN, IgAN + rapamycin. Proteinuria and the pathological changes and the level of autophagy of kidney were texted. Identify the expression of phosphorylation and total mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and s6k1 as well as cyclin D1 in the kidney of rats through Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: With rapamycin treatment, we observed a significant reduction in the progression of proteinuria as well as alleviation of pathological lesions in IgAN rats. Besides, autophagy was inhibited, while the mTOR/S6k1 pathway was activated and expression of cyclin D1 was increased in IgAN. Rapamycin treatment increased autophagy and decreased the expression of cyclin D1. Conclusion: These results may suggest that mTOR-mediated autophagy inhibition may result in mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN.

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