The role of dorsal premotor area in reaction task: comparing the “virtual lesion” effect of paired pulse or theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mochizuki ◽  
Michele Franca ◽  
Ying-Zu Huang ◽  
John C. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Lesion Effect ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Premotor Area ◽  
Virtual Lesion ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Reaction Task

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures and voluntary motor function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rothwell ◽  
Ricci Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Almost All

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be viewed as interacting with voluntary movement in two ways: it can used to probe the excitability of central nervous system (CNS) pathways before, during, and after a movement; alternatively, it can be used to interfere with movement and give information about the role of different cortical areas in different aspects of a task. This chapter concentrates on the role of single and paired pulse TMS methods that have been covered in detail in previous chapters. Long lasting effects of repetitive TMS (rTMS) are described in later chapters. Almost all of the TMS measures described in previous chapters differ in subjects at rest and during tonic voluntary activity.

scholarly journals Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: Methodological basis and safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Ilya S. Bakulin ◽  
◽  
Alexandra G. Poydasheva ◽  
Alexey A. Medyntsev ◽  
Natalia A. Suponeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Brain Mapping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Virtual Lesion ◽  
Developing Method

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intensively developing method of non-invasive brain stimulation. TMS is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to study the causal role of various cortical areas in visual perception, memory, attention, speech, and other cognitive functions. The article discusses the general principles and main directions of TMS applications in cognitive research as well as the modern aspects of using online TMS protocols for the creation of a temporary “virtual lesion”, functional brain mapping, and chronometric studies. Possible applications of offline TMS protocols for long-term modulation of the stimulated cortical area activity are also discussed. Methodological features of TMS studies, including targeting methods, as well as the frequency and intensity of stimulation, are highlighted. The article also describes the possibilities of combining TMS with other methods. Finally, the safety aspects of TMS in healthy subjects in the context of cognitive studies are discussed

scholarly journals Study of the role of the transcranial magnetic stimulation on language progress in autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Darwish ◽  
Heba W. El-Beshlawy ◽  
Ehab S. Ramadan ◽  
Shimaa M. Serag
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are almost universally delayed in the acquisition of spoken language as primary means of communication so they tend to have restricted outcomes in terms of independence and integration. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study (study and modulate excitability and plasticity, applied in single pulses to investigate corticospinal excitability, pairs of pulses to study intracortical inhibition and facilitation) and potential treatment of ASD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of repetitive TMS in language progress in children with ASD. Results There was a statistically significant clinical improvement in patients receiving active TMS (group I) comparing baseline Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) assessment and after treatment (P ≤ 0.05). There was mild improvement with no significant difference between the patients receiving active TMS (group I) and those of sham TMS (group II), and both groups received language therapy as regard post-treatment CARS. There was significant difference in improvement between the two groups according to eye contact (P ≤ 0.05). There was significant improvement in response to examiner (P ≤ 0.05). There was mild improvement with no statistically significant difference in attention between the two groups. There was significant difference in improvement between the two groups according to active expressive language. There was no statistically significant difference in passive vocabulary between the two groups. Conclusion Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left inferior frontal gyrus may be a safe and effective way of improving language of ASD. The joint application of rTMS and standard language therapy may lead to more rapid improvement in the language progress of children with ASD.

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