scholarly journals Brain hemodynamic response in Examiner–Examinee dyads during spatial short-term memory task: an fNIRS study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Panico ◽  
Stefania De Marco ◽  
Laura Sagliano ◽  
Francesca D’Olimpio ◽  
Dario Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Real

AbstractThe Corsi Block-Tapping test (CBT) is a measure of spatial working memory (WM) in clinical practice, requiring an examinee to reproduce sequences of cubes tapped by an examiner. CBT implies complementary behaviors in the examiners and the examinees, as they have to attend a precise turn taking. Previous studies demonstrated that the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) is activated during CBT, but scarce evidence is available on the neural correlates of CBT in the real setting. We assessed PFC activity in dyads of examiner–examinee participants while completing the real version of CBT, during conditions of increasing and exceeding workload. This procedure allowed to investigate whether brain activity in the dyads is coordinated. Results in the examinees showed that PFC activity was higher when the workload approached or reached participants’ spatial WM span, and lower during workload conditions that were largely below or above their span. Interestingly, findings in the examiners paralleled the ones in the examinees, as examiners’ brain activity increased and decreased in a similar way as the examinees’ one. In the examiners, higher left-hemisphere activity was observed suggesting the likely activation of non-spatial WM processes. Data support a bell-shaped relationship between cognitive load and brain activity, and provide original insights on the cognitive processes activated in the examiner during CBT.

The real relationship between short-term memory and working memory

Memory ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Colom ◽  
Pei Chun Shih ◽  
Carmen Flores-Mendoza ◽  
Ma Ángeles Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Real

The Hard Fall Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémylle Thomassin ◽  
Corentin Gonthier ◽  
Michel Guerraz ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Better Than

Participants with a high working memory span tend to perform better than low spans in a variety of tasks. However, their performance is paradoxically more impaired when they have to perform two tasks at once, a phenomenon that could be labeled the “hard fall effect.” The present study tested whether this effect exists in a short-term memory task, and investigated the proposal that the effect is due to high spans using efficient facilitative strategies under simple task conditions. Ninety-eight participants performed a spatial short-term memory task under simple and dual task conditions; stimuli presentation times either allowed for the use of complex facilitative strategies or not. High spans outperformed low spans only under simple task conditions when presentation times allowed for the use of facilitative strategies. These results indicate that the hard fall effect exists on a short-term memory task and may be caused by individual differences in strategy use.

scholarly journals Early and Late Shift of Brain Laterality in STG, HG, and Cerebellum with Normal Aging during a Short-Term Memory Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Elizabeth A. Franz ◽  
Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Brain Laterality ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence suggests that cognitive performance deteriorates in noisy backgrounds and the problems are more pronounced in older people due to brain deficits and changes. The present study used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon during short-term memory using a forward repeat task performed in quiet (STMQ) and in noise: 5-dB SNR (STMN) on four groups of participants of different ages. The performance of short-term memory tasks was measured behaviourally. No significant difference was found across age groups in STMQ. However, older adults (50–65 year olds) performed relatively poorly on the STMN. fMRI results on the laterality index indicate changes in hemispheric laterality in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), Heschl’s gyrus (HG), and cerebellum, and a leftward asymmetry in younger participants which changes to a more rightward asymmetry in older participants. The results also indicate that the onset of the laterality shift varies from one brain region to another. STG and HG show a late shift while the cerebellum shows an earlier shift. The results also reveal that noise influences this shifting. Finally, the results support the hypothesis that functional networks that underlie STG, HG, and cerebellum undergo reorganization to compensate for the neural deficit/cognitive decline.

Working Memory and Reading: A Life-span Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rehearsal Strategies

The relationships among working memory, memory span, and reading skills were studied in 1266 individuals, aged 6-49. They were administered tests of word recognition, pseudoword decoding, reading comprehension, a working memory (listening span) task that required the simultaneous processing of syntax and the recall of linguistic information, and a short-term memory task that required the recall of rhyming or nonrhyming letters presented visually. The results indicated that there is a gradual growth in the development of working memory skills from ages 6 to 19 and a gradual decline after adolescence. The short-term memory task did not show a decline in performance among older individuals. On both of these memory tasks and at most of the age levels, individuals with a reading disability performed at significantly lower levels than individuals with normal reading skills. An important component of the development of reading skills appears to be memory for verbal information. Age-related declines in memory appear to be related to the processing demands of the task, which may affect the degree to which rehearsal strategies are possible within the task.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Connexin43 Hemichannels Impairs Spatial Short-Term Memory without Affecting Spatial Working Memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Walrave ◽  
Mathieu Vinken ◽  
Giulia Albertini ◽  
Dimitri De Bundel ◽  
Luc Leybaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Contribution of underlying processes to improved visuospatial working memory associated with physical activity

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3430
Author(s):  
Qingchun Ji ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Chenglin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Background Working memory is critical for various cognitive processes and can be separated into two stages: short-term memory storage and manipulation processing. Although previous studies have demonstrated that increased physical activity (PA) improves working memory and that males outperform females on visuospatial working memory tasks, few studies have determined the contribution of the two underlying stages to the visuospatial working memory improvement associated with PA. Thus, the aims of the present study were to verify the relationship between physical activity and visuospatial working memory, determine whether one or both stages were affected by PA, and investigate any sex differences. Methods A total of 56 undergraduate students were recruited for this study. Their scores on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to separate them into either a lower PA (n = 26; IPAQ score ≤3,000 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week) or higher PA (n = 30; IPAQ score >3,000 MET-min/week) group. Participants were required to complete three tasks: a visuospatial working memory task, a task that examines the short-term memory storage stage, and a mental rotation task that examines the active manipulation stage. Results Participants in the higher PA group maintained similar accuracy but displayed significantly faster reaction times (RT) than those in the lower PA group on the visuospatial working memory and manipulation tasks. By contrast, no difference was observed between groups on the short-term memory storage task. In addition, no effects of sex were detected. Discussion Our results confirm that PA was positively to visuospatial working memory and that this positive relationship was associated with more rapid cognitive processing during the manipulation stage, with little or no relationship between PA and the memory storage stage of visuospatial working memory.

Oscillatory Brain Activity in an Auditory Short-Term Memory Task: Evidence From Electroencephalography

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Nolden ◽  
Christine Lefebvre ◽  
Patrick Bermudez ◽  
Stephan Grimault ◽  
Pierre Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Activation of long-term memory by alpha oscillations in a working-memory task?

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Klimesch ◽  
Bärbel Schack
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

We focus on the functional specificity of theta and alpha oscillations and show that theta is related to working memory, whereas alpha is related to semantic long-term memory. Recent studies, however, indicate that alpha oscillations also play an important role during short-term memory retention and retrieval. This latter finding provides support for the basic hypothesis suggested by Ruchkin et al.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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