Predicted impact of ocean acidification on a marine invertebrate: elevated CO2 alters response to thermal stress in sea urchin larvae

The combination of thermal stress and ocean acidification (OA) can more negatively affect coral calcification than an individual stressors, but the mechanism behind this interaction is unknown. We used two independent methods (microelectrode and boron geochemistry) to measure calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) and carbonate chemistry of the corals Pocillopora damicornis and Stylophora pistillata grown under various temperature and pCO2 conditions. Although these approaches demonstrate that they record pHcf over different time scales, they reveal that both species can cope with OA under optimal temperatures (28°C) by elevating pHcf and aragonite saturation state (Ωcf) in support of calcification. At 31°C, neither species elevated these parameters as they did at 28°C and, likewise, could not maintain substantially positive calcification rates under any pH treatment. These results reveal a previously uncharacterized influence of temperature on coral pHcf regulation—the apparent mechanism behind the negative interaction between thermal stress and OA on coral calcification.

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The impact of CO 2 -driven ocean acidification on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 112 (1-2) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yaoyao Zhan ◽

Wanbin Hu ◽

Weijie Zhang ◽

Minbo Liu ◽

Lizhu Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Early Development ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

The Impact

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Expression pattern of heat shock proteins during acute thermal stress in the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri

Revista chilena de historia natural ◽

10.1186/s40693-016-0052-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Karina González ◽

Juan Gaitán-Espitia ◽

Alejandro Font ◽

César A. Cárdenas ◽

Marcelo González-Aravena

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Sterechinus Neumayeri ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

The Antarctic

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A gender bias in the calcification response to ocean acidification

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-8-8485-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 8485-8513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Holcomb ◽

A. L. Cohen ◽

D. C. McCorkle

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Egg Production ◽

Elevated Pco2 ◽

Future Research ◽

Astrangia Poculata ◽

Population Structures ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Ambient Co2

Abstract. The effects of nutrients and pCO2 on zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate colonies of the temperate scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) were investigated at two different temperatures (16 °C and 24 °C). Corals exposed to elevated pCO2 tended to have lower relative calcification rates, as estimated from changes in buoyant weights. No nutrient effect was observed. At 16 °C, gamete release was not observed, and no gender differences in calcification rate were observed. However, corals grown at 24 °C spawned repeatedly and male and female corals exhibited two different growth rate patterns. Female corals grown at 24 °C and exposed to CO2 had calcification rates 39 % lower than females grown at ambient CO2, while males showed only a 5 % decline in calcification under elevated CO2. At 16 °C, female and male corals showed similar reductions in calcification rates in response to elevated CO2 (15 % and 19 % respectively). At 24 °C, corals spawned repeatedly, while no spawning was observed at 16 °C. The increased sensitivity of females to elevated pCO2 may reflect a greater investment of energy in reproduction (egg production) relative to males (sperm production). These results suggest that both gender and spawning are important factors in determining the sensitivity of corals to ocean acidification and their inclusion in future research may be critical to predicting how the population structures of marine calcifiers will change in response to ocean acidification.

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Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fst053 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 812-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Thomas P. Hurst ◽

Elena R. Fernandez ◽

Jeremy T. Mathis

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Walleye Pollock ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Theragra Chalcogramma ◽

Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma ◽

Co2 Levels ◽

Critical Resource ◽

Co2 Level

Abstract Hurst, T. P., Fernandez, E. R., and Mathis, J. T. 2013. Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 812–822. Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are predicted to decrease the pH of high-latitude oceans by 0.3–0.5 units by 2100. Because of their limited capacity for ion exchange, embryos and larvae of marine fishes are predicted to be more sensitive to elevated CO2 than juveniles and adults. Eggs and larvae of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were incubated across a broad range of CO2 levels (280–2100 µatm) to evaluate sensitivity in this critical resource species. Slightly elevated CO2 levels (∼450 µatm) resulted in earlier hatching times, but differences among egg batches were greater than those observed across CO2 treatments. Egg batches differed significantly in size-at-hatch metrics, but we observed no consistent effect of CO2 level. In three independent experiments, walleye pollock were reared at ambient and elevated CO2 levels through the early larval stage (to ∼30 days post-hatch). Across trials, there were only minor effects of CO2 level on size and growth rate, but fish in the ambient treatments tended to be slightly smaller than fish reared at elevated CO2 levels. These results suggest that growth potential of early life stages of walleye pollock is resilient with respect to the direct physiological effects of ocean acidification.

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