Ocean warming modulates the effects of limited food availability on Paracentrotus lividus larval development

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (7) ◽  
pp. 1463-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseba García ◽  
Sabrina Clemente ◽  
Cataisa López ◽  
Justin S. McAlister ◽  
José Carlos Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Limited Food

scholarly journals Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Davide Asnicar ◽  
Costanza Cappelli ◽  
Ahmad Safuan Sallehuddin ◽  
Nur Atiqah Maznan ◽  
Maria Gabriella Marin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Despite the widespread use of herbicide glyphosate in cultivation, its extensive runoff into rivers and to coastal areas, and the persistence of this chemical and its main degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the environment, there is still little information on the potential negative effects of glyphosate, its commercial formulation Roundup® and AMPA on marine species. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a comparative evaluation of the effects of glyphosate-based and its derived chemicals on the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thus providing new data to describe the potential ecotoxicity of these contaminants. In particular, the effects on larval development, growth and metabolism were assessed during 48 h of exposure from the time of egg fertilization. The results confirm that AMPA and its parent compound, glyphosate have similar toxicity, as observed in other marine invertebrates. However, interestingly, the Roundup® formulation seemed to be less toxic than the glyphosate alone.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary microalgae on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus throughout larval development

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Carboni ◽  
Julien Vignier ◽  
Mariachiara Chiantore ◽  
Douglas R. Tocher ◽  
Herve Migaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus

scholarly journals Age structure of a lizard along an elevational gradient reveals nonlinear lifespan patterns with altitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Comas ◽  
Senda Reguera ◽  
Francisco J Zamora-Camacho ◽  
Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Psammodromus Algirus ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Marginal Habitats

Abstract Lifespan is one of the main components of life history. Shorter lifespans can be expected in marginal habitats. However, in the case of ectotherms, lifespan typically increases with altitude, even though temperature—one of the main factors to determine ectotherms’ life history—declines with elevation. This pattern can be explained by the fact that a shorter activity time favors survival. In this study, we analyzed how lifespan and other life-history traits of the lizard Psammodromus algirus vary along a 2,200 m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). Populations at intermediate altitudes (1,200–1,700 m), corresponding to the optimal habitat for this species, had the shortest lifespans, whereas populations inhabiting marginal habitats (at both low and at high altitudes) lived longest. Therefore, this lizard did not follow the typical pattern of ectotherms, as it also lived longer at the lower limit of its distribution, nor did it show a longer lifespan in areas with optimal habitats. These results might be explained by a complex combination of different gradients along the mountain, namely that activity time decreases with altitude whereas food availability increases. This could explain why lifespan was maximum at both high (limited activity time) and low (limited food availability) altitudes, resulting in similar lifespans in areas with contrasting environmental conditions. Our findings also indicated that reproductive investment and body condition increase with elevation, suggesting that alpine populations are locally adapted.

Robustness of Paracentrotus lividus larval and post-larval development to pH levels projected for the turn of the century

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseba García ◽  
José Carlos Hernández ◽  
Sabrina Clemente ◽  
Mishal Cohen-Rengifo ◽  
Celso Agustín Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Turn Of The Century

scholarly journals Male bats respond to adverse conditions with larger colonies and increased torpor use during sperm production

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-620
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Hałat ◽  
Dina K. N. Dechmann ◽  
Marcin Zegarek ◽  
Ireneusz Ruczyński
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

AbstractChanges in environmental conditions can have strong energetic effects on animals through limited food availability or increased thermoregulatory costs. Especially difficult are periods of increased energy expenditures, such as reproduction. Reproductive female bats from the temperate zone often aggregate in maternity colonies to profit from social thermoregulation to reduce torpor use and buffer the effects of poor conditions. The much rarer male colonies may form for similar reasons during testes development. Male colonies thus allow us to study the influence of environmental conditions on energy budget and colony size, without the confounding effects of parental care. We remotely monitored skin temperature and assessed colony size of male parti-coloured bats Vespertilio murinus during summer, and correlated those variables with environmental conditions and food availability (i.e. insect abundance). As we had hypothesized, we found that colony size increased at colder temperatures, but decreased at low wind speeds. Also as predicted, torpor use was relatively low, however, it did increase slightly during adverse conditions. Male sociality may be an adaptation to adverse environmental conditions during sexual maturation, but the pressure to avoid torpor during spermatogenesis may be lower than in pregnant or lactating females.

scholarly journals Aggression is induced by resource limitation in the monarch caterpillar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Collie ◽  
Odelvys Granela ◽  
Elizabeth Brown ◽  
Alex C. Keene
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Resource Defense ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Limited Food

AbstractFood represents a limiting resource for the growth and developmental progression of many animal species. As a consequence, competition over food, space, or other resources can trigger territoriality and aggressive behavior. Throughout their early development stages, insect larvae eat voraciously and limited food availability can potently impact their viability through metamorphosis. In the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, caterpillars feed predominantly on milkweed, raising the possibility that access to milkweed is critical for growth and survival. Here, we characterize the role of food availability on aggression in monarch caterpillars. We find that monarch caterpillars display stereotyped aggressive lunges that increase during development, peaking during the 4th and 5th instar stages. Detailed behavioral analysis reveals that aggressive actions are most likely to occur when the target is feeding and increases the probability that the target will leave the food source. To determine the relationship between food availability and the initiation of an aggressive encounter, we provided groups of caterpillars differing amounts of food availability and measured aggressive behavior. The number of lunges toward a conspecific caterpillar was significantly increased under conditions of low food availability, suggesting resource defense may trigger aggression. We find that aggression occurs independently of light, suggesting the visual system is dispensable for the induction of aggression. These findings establish monarch caterpillars as a model for investigating interactions between resource availability and aggressive behavior under ecologically relevant conditions and set the stage for future investigations into the neuroethology of aggression in this system.

scholarly journals Food restriction engages prefrontal corticostriatal cells and local microcircuitry to drive the decision to run vs conserve energy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne N. Santiago ◽  
Emily A. Makowicz ◽  
Muzi Du ◽  
Chiye Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gabaergic Activity ◽  
Adaptive Foraging

ABSTRACTFood restriction (FR) evokes running, which may promote adaptive foraging in times of food scarcity, but can become lethal if energy expenditure exceeds caloric availability. Here, we demonstrate that chemogenetic activation of either the general medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal cell population, or the subpopulation projecting to dorsal striatum (DS) drives running specifically during hours preceding limited food availability, and not during ad libitum food availability. Conversely, suppression of mPFC pyramidal cells generally, or targeting mPFC-to-DS cells, reduced wheel running specifically during FR and not during ad libitum food access. Post-mortem c-Fos analysis and electron microscopy of mPFC layer 5 revealed distinguishing characteristics of mPFC-to-DS cells, when compared to neighboring non-DS projecting pyramidal cells: 1) greater recruitment of GABAergic activity and 2) less axo-somatic GABAergic innervation. Together, these attributes position the mPFC-to-DS subset of pyramidal cells to dominate mPFC excitatory outflow, particularly during FR, revealing a specific and causal role for mPFC-to-DS control of the decision to run during food scarcity. Individual differences in GABAergic activity correlate with running response to further support this interpretation. FR enhancement of PFC-to-DS activity may influence neural circuits both in studies using FR to motivate animal behavior and in human conditions hallmarked by FR.

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