scholarly journals Within- and across-network alterations of the sensorimotor network in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Caspers ◽  
Christian Rubbert ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Felix Hoffstaedter ◽  
Martin Südmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dual Regression ◽  
Group Ica

Abstract Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily defined by motor symptoms and is associated with alterations of sensorimotor areas. Evidence for network changes of the sensorimotor network (SMN) in PD is inconsistent and a systematic evaluation of SMN in PD yet missing. We investigate functional connectivity changes of the SMN in PD, both, within the network, and to other large-scale connectivity networks. Methods Resting-state fMRI was assessed in 38 PD patients under long-term dopaminergic treatment and 43 matched healthy controls (HC). Independent component analysis (ICA) into 20 components was conducted and the SMN was identified within the resulting networks. Functional connectivity within the SMN was analyzed using a dual regression approach. Connectivity between the SMN and the other networks from group ICA was investigated with FSLNets. We investigated for functional connectivity changes between patients and controls as well as between medication states (OFF vs. ON) in PD and for correlations with clinical parameters. Results There was decreased functional connectivity within the SMN in left inferior parietal and primary somatosensory cortex in PD OFF. Across networks, connectivity between SMN and two motor networks as well as two visual networks was diminished in PD OFF. All connectivity decreases partially normalized in PD ON. Conclusion PD is accompanied by functional connectivity losses of the SMN, both, within the network and in interaction to other networks. The connectivity changes in short- and long-range connections are probably related to impaired sensory integration for motor function in PD. SMN decoupling can be partially compensated by dopaminergic therapy.

scholarly journals Human subsystems of medial temporal lobes extend locally to amygdala nuclei and globally to an allostatic-interoceptive system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana L. Ruiz-Rizzo ◽  
Florian Beissner ◽  
Kathrin Finke ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
Claus Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Dual Regression ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Global Brain

AbstractIn mammals, the hippocampus, entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices (i.e., core regions of the human medial temporal lobes, MTL) are locally interlaced with the adjacent amygdala nuclei at the structural and functional levels. At the global brain level, the human MTL has been described as part of the default mode network whereas amygdala nuclei as parts of the salience network, with both networks forming collectively a large-scale brain system supporting allostatic-interoceptive functions. We hypothesized (i) that intrinsic functional connectivity of slow activity fluctuations would reveal human MTL subsystems locally extending to the amygdala; and (ii) that these extended local subsystems would be globally embedded in large-scale brain systems supporting allostatic-interoceptive functions. From the resting-state fMRI data of three independent samples of cognitively healthy adults (one main and two replication samples: Ns = 101, 61, and 29, respectively), we analyzed the functional connectivity of fluctuating ongoing BOLD-activity within and outside the amygdala-MTL in a data-driven way using masked independent component and dual-regression analyses. We found that at the local level MTL subsystems extend to the amygdala and are functionally organized along the longitudinal amygdala-MTL axis. These subsystems were characterized by a consistent involvement of amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex, but a variable participation of perirhinal and parahippocampal regions. At the global level, amygdala-MTL subsystems selectively connected to salience, thalamic-brainstem, and default mode networks – the major cortical and subcortical parts of the allostatic-interoceptive system. These results provide evidence for integrated amygdala-MTL subsystems in humans, which are embedded within a larger allostatic-interoceptive system.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol to Evaluate the Effects of Wuqinxi on Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Li ◽  
Lanlan Zhang ◽  
Yin Wu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Ke Liu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
And Gender

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disease that includes non-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairment. Long-term mind-body exercise has been shown to improve cognitive ability in PD patients, but the methods of assessment and intervention were inconsistent across studies. Wuqinxi is a mind-body exercise that is easy to learn, has few physical and cognitive demands, and is recommended for PD patients. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) has been associated with cognitive alterations in PD patients, but no studies have yet explored the effects of Wuqinxi on this association. The current protocol is designed to measure the effects of long-term Wuqinxi intervention on cognition in PD patients, and explore the underlying neural mechanisms through DFC.Methods: A long-term single-blind, randomized trial will be conducted. PD patients and age- and gender-matched HC will be recruited; PD patients will be randomly assigned to either Wuqinxi or balance groups, and HC will all receive health education. The Wuqinxi group will receive a 90-min session of Wuqinxi intervention three times a week for 24 weeks, while the balance group will receive balance exercise instruction on the same schedule. Primary outcomes will include assessment of cognitive domains and dynamic temporal characteristics of functional connectivity. Secondary outcomes will include severity of motor symptoms, mobility, balance, and emotional state. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, at the end of 24 weeks of intervention, and 12 weeks after interventions have ended.Discussion: This study will provide evidence to the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on cognitive improvements in PD patients from the perspective of DFC, and will contribute to the understanding of neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement through Wuqinxi practice.Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000038517.

scholarly journals Altered dynamic functional network connectivity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia of Parkinson's disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Si ◽  
Yongsheng Yuan ◽  
Caiting Gan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Functional Network Connectivity ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity

Abstract Background Traditional measures of static functional connectivity may not completely reflect the dynamic neural activity of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of large-scale functional network connectivity in the temporal domain in PD patients with and without LID. Methods Using dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis, we evaluated 41 PD patients with LID (LID group) and 34 PD patients without LID (No-LID group), on and off their levodopa medications. Group spatial independent component analysis, sliding-window approach and k-means clusters were employed. Results In OFF phase, we found no differences between PD subgroups in temporal properties. In ON phase, compared than No-LID group, LID group occurred more frequently and dwelled longer in strongly connected State 1, characterized by strong connections between visual network (VIS) and other networks. When switching from OFF to ON phase, LID group occurred more frequently and dwelled longer in State 2 and occurred less frequently and dwelled shorter in State 3 (both states were strongly connected), while No-LID group occurred more frequently and dwelled longer in State 5 (weakly connected). Additionally, correlation analysis further demonstrated that the severity of dyskinesia was only associated with frequency of occurrence and dwell time in State 2, dominated by inferior frontal cortex in cognitive executive network (CEN), strongly connecting with sensorimotor network (SMN) and VIS. Conclusions Using dFNC analysis, we found that compared to those without LID, PD patients with LID may be involved in the superexcitation of VIS, as well as interconnections between CEN and SMN, VIS, having impact on inhibition of motor circuits. The dFNC analysis might provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of LID in PD.

Distinct Effects of Motor Training on Resting-State Functional Networks of the Brain in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-803
Author(s):  
Amgad Droby ◽  
Inbal Maidan ◽  
Yael Jacob ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Sensorimotor Network

Background. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic loss is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathophysiology, leading to motor Parkinsonism. Different intervention protocols have shown that motor and cognitive functions improvement in PD occur via the modulation of distinct motor and cognitive pathways. Objective. To investigate the effects of two motor training programs on the brains’ functional networks in PD patients. Methods. Thirty-seven PD patients were prospectively studied. All enrolled patients underwent either treadmill training (TT) (n = 19) or treadmill with virtual reality (TT + VR) (n = 18) for 6 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (3 T) acquiring 3-dimensional T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data sets were performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Independent component analysis (ICA) was conducted, and functional connectivity (FC) changes within large-scale functional brain networks were examined. Results. In both groups, significant post-training FC decrease in striatal, limbic, and parietal regions within the basal ganglia network, executive control network, and frontal-striatal network, and significant FC increase in the caudate, and cingulate within the sensorimotor network (SMN) were observed. Moreover, a significant time × group interaction was detected where TT + VR training had greater effects on FC levels in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and right precentral gyrus within the SMN, and in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) within the cerebellar network. These FC alterations were associated with improved usual and dual-task walking performance. Conclusions. These results suggest that TT with-and-without the addition of a VR component affects distinct neural pathways, highlighting the potential for beneficial neural plasticity in PD. Such distinctive task-specific pathways may foster the facilitation of interventions tailored to the individual needs of PD patients. Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01732653.

NEUROIMAGING OF IDIOPATHIC REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.95-e4
Author(s):  
Michal Rolinski ◽  
Ludovica Griffanti ◽  
Konrad Szewczyk-Krolikowski ◽  
Ricarda Menke ◽  
Timothy Quinnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Sensorimotor Network

IntroductionResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have previously shown significantly impaired connectivity in patients within the early motor phase of Parkinson's disease. Is it possible to detect the same imaging signature of Parkinson's in RBD subjects, before a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is established?MethodsTwenty-six patients with polysomnography-proven RBD and twenty-two age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited into the study. All subjects underwent a comprehensive structural and resting-state MRI protocol.ResultsVoxel-based morphometry analysis did not yield any significant grey matter differences between the two groups. Similarly, no significant differences of fractional anisotropy were found using white matter tract analysis. Rs-fMRI revealed decreased coactivation within the basal ganglia network (involving the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus bilaterally) and the sensorimotor network (precentral gyrus) of patients with RBD. A small area of increased coactivation was found in the default mode network of patients with RBD.ConclusionsOur findings support the presence of basal ganglia dysfunction in patients with RBD, likely representing the prodromal stages of Parkinson's disease. Clinical and neuroimaging follow up is necessary to assess the clinical utility of resting state fMRI to predict the onset of Parkinson's disease in RBD subjects.

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