scholarly journals The role of intestinal oxalate transport in hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones in animals and man

Urolithiasis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Whittamore ◽  
Marguerite Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Oxalate Transport

The Role of Tranexamic Acid in Controlling Bloodloss During PCNL for Staghorn Calculi

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3745-3748
Author(s):  
Raluca Costina Barbilian ◽  
Victor Cauni ◽  
Bogdan Mihai ◽  
Ioana Buraga ◽  
Mihai Dragutescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Staghorn Calculi ◽  
Type Of Surgery

The aim of this paper is to assess the efficiency and safety of the tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and the need for transfusion in patients diagnosed with staghorn calculi treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive technique used for large kidney stones. Hemorrhagic complications and urinary sepsis are serious complications associated with this type of surgery. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that has the property of reducing intra or postoperative bleeding. The experience with tranexamic acid in preventing blood loss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy for is limited. The use tranexamic acid in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn type stones is safe and is associated with reduced blood loss and a lower transfusion rate.

Insights about urinary hippuric and citric acid as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake in patients with kidney stones: The role of age and sex

Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Guerra ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi ◽  
Franca Allegri ◽  
Antonio Nouvenne ◽  
Beatrice Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals The role of corticosteroids in the management of kidney stones disease: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nouri ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Azhar Amir Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Stones

scholarly journals Oxalate: From the Environment to Kidney Stones

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Brzica ◽  
Davorka Breljak ◽  
Birgitta C Burckhardt ◽  
Gerhard Burckhardt ◽  
Ivan Sabolić
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
Intestinal Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Solute Carrier ◽  
Sat 1 ◽  
Oxalate Transport

Abstract Oxalate urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis) is the most frequent type of kidney stone disease. Epidemiological research has shown that urolithiasis is approximately twice as common in men as in women, but the underlying mechanism of this sex-related prevalence is unclear. Oxalate in the organism partially originate from food (exogenous oxalate) and largely as a metabolic end-product from numerous precursors generated mainly in the liver (endogenous oxalate). Oxalate concentrations in plasma and urine can be modified by various foodstuffs, which can interact in positively or negatively by affecting oxalate absorption, excretion, and/or its metabolic pathways. Oxalate is mostly removed from blood by kidneys and partially via bile and intestinal excretion. In the kidneys, after reaching certain conditions, such as high tubular concentration and damaged integrity of the tubule epithelium, oxalate can precipitate and initiate the formation of stones. Recent studies have indicated the importance of the SoLute Carrier 26 (SLC26) family of membrane transporters for handling oxalate. Two members of this family [Sulfate Anion Transporter 1 (SAT-1; SLC26A1) and Chloride/Formate EXchanger (CFEX; SLC26A6)] may contribute to oxalate transport in the intestine, liver, and kidneys. Malfunction or absence of SAT-1 or CFEX has been associated with hyperoxaluria and urolithiasis. However, numerous questions regarding their roles in oxalate transport in the respective organs and male-prevalent urolithiasis, as well as the role of sex hormones in the expression of these transporters at the level of mRNA and protein, still remain to be answered.

Role of bacteria in the development of kidney stones

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gero Kramer ◽  
Hans Christoph Klingler ◽  
Georg E. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones

scholarly journals The role of phagocytic leukocytes following flexible ureterenoscopy, for the treatment of kidney stones: an observational, clinical pilots-study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Fôn Hughes ◽  
Alyson Jayne Moyes ◽  
Rebecca May Lamb ◽  
Peter Ella-tongwiis ◽  
Nana Yaa Frempomaa Snyper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Abstract Background The number of patients undergoing flexible ureterenoscopy (FURS) for the treatment of kidney stones (renal calculi) is increasing annually, and as such the development of post-operative complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), haematuria and infection is likely to increase. Phagocytic leukocytes are white blood cells that help fight foreign material such as bacteria and viruses, and they are intrinsically involved in the inflammatory reaction. Investigating the role of phagocytic leukocytes following FURS has not been widely researched. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the role phagocytic leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) function, in patients undergoing FURS for the treatment of kidney stones (renal calculi). Methods Fourteen consecutive patients aged between 27 and 70 years (median 49.5 years) undergoing FURS for the treatment of kidney stones were recruited (seven males, seven females). Blood samples were collected from each patient at four time points: baseline (pre-operatively) followed by 30, 120 and 240 min post-operatively. Mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte sub-populations were isolated by density gradient centrifugation techniques. Neutrophil and monocyte cell function was investigated by measuring the cell surface expression of CD62L (L-selectin), CD11b (Mac-1), CD99 and the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), via flow cytometry. Results Significant increases was observed in monocyte CD62L expression post FURS for the treatment of kidney stones (p ≤ 0.05); while significant decreases were observed in neutrophil CD62L. The levels of the other activation markers CD11b, CD99 and H2O2 corresponded to the increases and decreases seen in CD62L for monocytes and neutrophils respectively, though the changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Limiting factors for this study were the relatively small sample size, and restriction on the recruitment time points. Conclusions This study demonstrates that following FURS for the treatment of kidney stones, monocytes are rapidly activated and produce potent reactive oxygen intermediates. Interestingly, the pattern of expression in neutrophils suggests that these cells are deactivated in response to the treatment. The leukocyte biomarkers assessed during this investigation may have a role in monitoring the ‘normal’ post-operative response, as no complications occurred in any of the patients; or may help predict potential infectious complications (e.g. urosepsis) that can occur during the post-operative period. This data, however, will need to be validated and reproduced in larger multi-centre studies.

Educational review: role of the pediatric nephrologists in the work-up and management of kidney stones

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Inés Rodriguez Cuellar ◽  
Peter Zhan Tao Wang ◽  
Michael Freundlich ◽  
Guido Filler
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Work Up

scholarly journals ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (6) ◽  
pp. F485-F488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen M. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
High Uric Acid ◽  
Present Role

The human propensity for high levels of serum uric acid (SUA) is a trait that has defied explanation. Is it beneficial? Is it pathogenic? Its role in the human diseases like gout and kidney stones was discovered over a century ago [Richette P, Bardin T. Lancet 375: 318–328, 2010; Rivard C, Thomas J, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52: 421–426, 2013], but today emerging new genetic and epidemiological techniques have revived an age-old debate over whether high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) independently increase risk for diseases like hypertension and chronic kidney disease [Feig DI. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14: 346–352, 2012; Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. J Pediatr 162: 896–902, 2013; Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. JAMA 300: 924–932, 2008; Wang J, Qin T, Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Huang H, Li J. PLoS One 9: e114259, 2014; Zhu P, Liu Y, Han L, Xu G, Ran JM. PLoS One 9: e100801, 2014]. Part of the mystery of the role uric acid plays in human health stems from our lack of understanding of how humans regulate uric acid homeostasis, an understanding that could shed light on the historic role of uric acid in human adaptation and its present role in human pathogenesis. This review will highlight the recent work to identify the first important human uric acid secretory transporter, ABCG2, and the identification of a common causal ABCG2 variant, Q141K, for hyperuricemia and gout.

Role of drinking and dietary factors in effective dissolution therapy and recurrence prevention of uric acid kidney stones

Urologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2_2019 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
V.S. Saenko Saenko ◽  
S.V. Pesegov Pesegov ◽  
E.A. Frolova Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Recurrence Prevention
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