scholarly journals Ireneusz Wierzejewski: treatment of amputees of the upper limb in Poznan during the Great War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Magowska ◽  
Michał Owecki
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Great War ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The Great War

Abstract Introduction The Great War (1914–1918) caused a dramatic increase in the number of limbless invalids. Orthopaedics became the field of medicine that could offer the most effective help for those patients. Objective This review article aims to present how new operations and methods in the field of orthopaedics spread to other countries during the Great War. Methods Historical photographs of patients treated by being given hand prostheses are analysed and discussed as a case study of the transfer of orthopaedic techniques in Europe. The pictures were taken in a provincial military hospital, directed by Ireneusz Wierzejewski, the pioneer of orthopaedics in Poland. Results The methods of preparing stumps for prostheses at Wierzejewski’s hospital followed the patterns of the time. In some cases, the prostheses were further modified to better help patients return to their former lives. Conclusion The case of the Fortress Hospital in Poznań demonstrates that kinetic hand prostheses were also available in provincial hospitals. Modern orthopaedic procedures remain an effective treatment and a way to restore amputees to society.

scholarly journals THE SLOVAK QUESTION DURING THE GREAT WAR (A CASE STUDY OF L. ŠTUR SLOVAK-RUSSIAN SOCIETY)

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
M.V. Vedernikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Great War ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Separatist Movements ◽  
The Great War

With the outbreak of WWI (1914–1918), the participating countries began to promote separatist movements on their own territory, which aimed to destroy the foundations of hostile multinational empires. Of particular interest to the Russian authorities were the compatriots of the Slavic peoples of Austria-Hungary, who loudly declared their desire to destroy the Habsburg Empire. One of the most active diasporas was the Czechs, who managed to meet with Nicholas II twice in the first month of the war and achieve the formation of the Czech squad. However, the Czech question, initially incorporating the Slovak one due to the ethnic and linguistic proximity, exposed significant contradictions. An active part of the Slovak political elite living in Russia opposed the formation of a single Czech-Slovak state, because they were close to the idea of Slovakia’s accession to Russia. To popularize these ideas, a Slovak-Russian society named after L. Štur was established in Moscow. It received support from the outstanding Russians as well as the largest Slovak diasporas in the United States. The assistance of such important actors forced the Czechs to look for ways to resolve the conflict with the Slovaks, which undoubtedly led to the mainstreaming of the Slovak question. However, the cessions of 1915–1916 failed to resolve the conflict. Drawing on new archival sources and current historiography, the author concludes that the presence of multiple conflicts contributed to the formation of the Czech-Slovak national idea, which was free from asymmetry, and made Slovaks equal partners.

scholarly journals TRAITORS AND THE MEANING OF TREASON IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S GREAT WAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Great War ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War

ABSTRACTTreason is a ubiquitous historical phenomenon, one particularly associated with regime instability or wartime loyalties. This paper explores the practice and prosecution of treason in the last decades of the Habsburg monarchy with a special focus on some notorious wartime treason trials. It first sets the rhetoric and law of treason in a comparative historical context before assessing the legal framework supplied by the Austrian penal code of 1852. Although the treason law was exploited quite arbitrarily after 1914, the state authorities in the pre-war decade were already targeting irredentist suspects due to major anxiety about domestic and foreign security. In the Great War, the military were then given extensive powers to prosecute all political crimes including treason, causing a string of show-trials of Bosnian Serbs and some leading Czech politicians. By 1917–18, however, this onslaught on disloyalty was backfiring in the wake of an imperial amnesty: as loyalties shifted away from the Habsburg regime, the former criminals themselves proudly began to assume the title of ‘traitor’. The paper is a case-study of how regimes in crisis have used treason as a powerful moral instrument for managing allegiance. It also offers a new basis for understanding instability in the late Habsburg monarchy.

Political Judgment in Historical Perspective: The Epoch of the Great War as Case‐Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
Michael Biddiss
Keyword(s):  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Great War ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Political Judgment ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

THIS ARTICLE USES THE CONCEPT OF ‘UNDERCOMPREHENSION’ to review some of the principal features of the European experience during the years from c. 1910 to c. 1920. It does so in the belief that this is a decade during which the sort of frailties of judgment signalled by that term were singularly catastrophic in their effects; and it reminds us that the year in which we commemorate the 75th anniversary of the outbreak of the Great War is also the one in which we mark the 50th anniversary of the start of a second huge conflict whose causes are themselves rooted in the circumstances of the first. Reference to such an historical case-study can be particularly valuable insofar as the privilege of hindsight allows us not just to consider the nature of the challenges to political comprehension and action which manifested themselves at that epoch, but also to gauge (as we cannot yet do properly for our own age) the quality and outcome of the responses then elicited from statesmen, experts, or citizens.

Marginalized Memories and Multi-Layered Narratives of the Great War in Kamila Shamsie’s A God In Every Stone (2014)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Tara Talwar Windsor
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Great War

Abstract Taking Kamila Shamsie’s 2014 war novel A God in Every Stone as its core case study, this article examines the development of increasingly complex, heterogeneous and inclusive understandings and memories of the Great War in the twenty-first century. It demonstrates how the novel’s complex and intricate narrative, as well as its paratextual framing and much of its reception, offer a timely engagement with a range of hitherto hidden or marginalized histories, particularly in relation to the role of women and experiences of South Asian soldiers, as well as with colonial violence and anti-colonial resistance in the war’s aftermath. At the same time, the novel underscores the ambivalences contained in those stories. Through this analysis, the article considers the extent to which A God in Every Stone can be seen as a ‘more expansive form of commemoration [...] with the scope for multiple narratives’.1 The novel is also ‘historically and ethically responsible’, not least in its critical reflection on the purposes, practices and power structures behind longer-standing historical narratives and cultural memories of the war itself and the (imperial) past in a post-colonial global context.

King Carson: an essay on the invention of leadership

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (117) ◽  
pp. 66-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gailey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Great War ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
English History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
The Great War

For Ulster Protestants, riven by division since the fall of Terence O’Neill as prime minister of Northern Ireland in 1969, the recent troubles have seen their future steadily being conceded by default. Where there was certainty, there is now confusion; where there was once leadership, there are now only leaders. Not surprisingly, there have been wistful glances back to the mythical heroes of the past, in particular to Sir Edward Carson, who had steered them through the home rule crisis of 1912–14 to the promised land of Northern Ireland. Carson not only mobilised all Ulster Protestants, but also organised a largely successful rebellion and in time squared the circle to become one of the few rebels in English history to go on to be a law lord. Moreover, he was also a British leader, being four times in office, twice in the cabinet, and for twenty years one of the dominating figures in Tory politics. It is this duality that made Carson’s position exceptional in Anglo-Irish relations and contributed to the immense authority he periodically enjoyed. Indeed, in Ulster before the Great War his sway assumed near-charismatic proportions. Viewed as a case study in leadership, therefore, his career was, in terms of British politics, unique.

scholarly journals What should Daddy do in the Great War?: The Second Division Question and Conditional Commitment within New Zealand’s War Effort, 1917–1918

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Loveridge
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Social ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War

At the beginning of 1917, the prospect of extending conscription to Second Division men (men who were husbands and/or fathers) loomed. This was a development many had sought to delay out of concern for the social issues and potential tensions it would raise. This article examines reactions to the Second Division question as a case study of the conditional commitment within New Zealand’s war effort. It outlines the events and dynamics of the case, and considers how the conditions of service were negotiated, challenged and enforced across 1917–1918.

History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
René Van Tiggelen ◽  
Jan Dirckx
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Great War ◽  
Radiological Society ◽  
Bone Radiology ◽  
Military Physician ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War

AbstractMilitary physician Etienne Henrard has played an important role in both civil and military radiology. He was adjunct at the radiological department, created in 1897, in the military hospital in Brussels. In 1900, he equipped one of the first private cabinets in Brussels. He was especially interested in bone radiology, stereo-radiography and the localization of foreign bodies for which he invented, during the “Great War,” a device for their extraction. In 1905, he was one of the founding members of the Belgian Radiological Society where he also held many functions. In 1931, he was promoted to the rank of Physician-General.

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