Absence of specific individuals and high food abundance elicit food calls in wild western gorillas

Emigration of wild cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) from laboratory channels over 1-wk trial periods was greater under conditions of low than high food abundance (5 vs. 15% of total trout biomass daily), irrespective of the amount of cover (simulated cover structures added vs. removed). When food abundance was high, emigration of trout was slightly greater under conditions of low than high cover. Cover had no effect on emigration rate when food abundance was low. Trout occurred in association with cover structures when food abundance was high, but not when food abundance was low. These experiments suggest that at summer temperatures, food abundance overrides cover in determining the abundance and microhabitat distribution of adult cutthroat trout within a stream.

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High Food Abundance Permits the Evolution of Placentotrophy: Evidence from a Placental Lizard, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii

The American Naturalist ◽

10.1086/677138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 184 (2) ◽

pp. 198-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

James U. Van Dyke ◽

Oliver W. Griffith ◽

Michael B. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Food Abundance ◽

High Food

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Altitudinal differentiation of reproductive tactic plasticity despite the close proximity of two Aquarius remigis populations

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/000579511x555269 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 148 (2) ◽

pp. 265-282

Author(s):

Stimson Wilcox ◽

Michael Dlugos

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Transition Zone ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Food Abundance ◽

High Food ◽

Reproductive Tactics ◽

Aquarius Remigis ◽

Upstate New York ◽

Northern Areas ◽

Reproductive Tactic

AbstractIn the water strider (Aquarius remigis), direct and delayed reproductive tactics are largely canalized in southern and northern areas of North America, respectively. A transition zone occurs in upstate New York, defined as the area where lowland striders plastically express either tactic based on photoperiod and food abundance cues. We tested whether these cues similarly influence tactics among higher altitude transition zone populations. We compared the proportion of direct reproducers from a high altitude stream (HAS) and a low altitude stream (LAS) reared under low and high food abundance, as well as a normal and late-solstice photoperiod. With sexes combined, higher proportions of direct reproducers were found among LAS striders, and among striders reared in the late solstice photoperiod and high food abundance treatments. Among males, a food abundance × stream interaction was significant, suggesting greater canalization of reproductive tactics among HAS males. Among females, photoperiod was a significant factor, but did not interact with stream of origin. Field measurements showed that water surface temperatures and food abundance were lower in HAS compared to LAS. These conditions, as well as shorter season lengths, likely select against direct reproduction among HAS striders, possibly resulting in the observed canalization of reproductive tactics.

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Host Diet Influences Lethal and Sublethal Responses of Hosts to Amphibian Pathogen Exposure

10.1101/290239 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha L. Rumschlag ◽

Michelle D. Boone

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Resource Availability ◽

Food Abundance ◽

High Food ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

American Toad ◽

Leopard Frogs ◽

Host Growth ◽

Food Conditions ◽

Northern Leopard Frogs

AbstractThe severity of the impacts of pathogens on hosts may be driven by environmental factors like resource availability that create tradeoffs on energetic demands for immune responses and basal metabolic activity within the host. These responses can vary among species from sublethal to lethal effects, which can have consequences for the host population trajectories within a community. Chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (or Bd), has been associated with global amphibian population declines. However, it also occurs in populations without appearing to cause mass mortality; the effect of Bd in these situations is not well understood and environmental factors like food abundance that impact host conditions could play an important role in the magnitude of the pathogen’s impact. In the present study, we exposed American toad (Anaxyrus americanus), northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi) metamorphs to Bd and then reared them in the terrestrial habitat under low or high food environments. We found additive effects of Bd and reduced food abundance on host growth and survival that varied according to species. For instance, Bd-induced reductions in American toad survival were greater under low food conditions compared to high food conditions but survival of northern leopard frogs and Blanchard’s cricket frogs was not affected by Bd. For northern leopard frogs and Blanchard’s cricket frogs, low food abundance resulted in the lower growth rates under Bd exposure compared to high food abundance. Additionally, we developed stage-structured population models for American toads to assess if reduced survival of metamorphs exposed to Bd under conditions of low and high food abundance could influence population trajectories; models indicated that Bd exposure would reduce annual population growth rates by 14% under conditions of high food abundance and 21% under conditions of low food abundance. Our results suggest that environmental conditions that influence resource availability for species that are sensitive or tolerant to Bd may increase the negative effects of Bd on host growth and survival, which could have important implications for how populations and communities with infected members respond over time.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Feeding and respiration by giant barrel sponges across a gradient of food abundance in the Red Sea.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735893521.793560952 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Russell Hill

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Food Abundance

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Enhancement of Rural Income and Nutrition by Cultivating Pigeonpea Hybrids

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i04.19387 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

K B SAXENA ◽

A K CHOUDHARY ◽

RAFAT K SULTANA

Keyword(s):

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Family Income ◽

National Level ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

High Food ◽

Rural Income ◽

Breeding Technology ◽

On Farm ◽

Food Value

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a favourite crop of rain-fed farmers due to its high food value, drought tolerance and various soil improving properties. The productivity enhancement of this crop has been a long-term goal at the national level but with a little success. In this context, the advent of hybrid breeding technology with over 30% on-farm yield advantages has provided a much-needed breakthrough. The hybrids in pigeonpea were bred using a stable CMS system and natural out-crossing. It is believed that the adoption of locally adapted hybrids would contribute significantly towards both family income and nutrition.

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Female Choice in Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler (Locustella Ochotensis)

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/103.4.694 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 694-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hisashi Nagata

Keyword(s):

Mate Choice ◽

Female Choice ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Female Mate Choice ◽

Food Abundance ◽

Territory Size ◽

Territory Quality ◽

Female Mate ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Grasshopper Warbler

Abstract Morphological and territorial factors that influence female mate choice were examined in the monogamous Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler (Locustella ochotensis) on an islet near Fukuoka, Japan. I assumed that pairing date corresponded with female mate choice. Pairing date was correlated with both territory size and food abundance but was not correlated with selected morphological characteristics of males. Territorial quality was assumed to be correlated with territory size because preferable food resources and nest sites were distributed randomly. I conclude that female mate choice was influenced by territory quality rather than by the morphological characteristics of males.

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“Spending all this time stressing and worrying and calculating”: Marginal Food Security and Student Life at a Diverse Urban University

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Ryan J Gamba ◽

Michael T Schmeltz ◽

Nancy Ortiz ◽

Alina Engelman ◽

Juleen Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Food Security ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Academic Motivation ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Healthy Food ◽

High Food ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Future Health ◽

Food Security Status

Abstract Objective: Food security status is a continuum ranging from high to very low food security. While marginal food security falls next to high food security on the spectrum, new quantitative research indicates marginal food security status is associated with negative health outcomes and poor academic performance among college students. Qualitative research focusing on college students experiencing marginal food security has not been conducted. This study aims to qualitatively explore experiences of college students with marginal food security and to identify themes to better understand and provide context regarding how marginal food security impacts students. Design: Students were recruited for semi-structured interviews with questions designed to study the challenges associated with students’ food situations. All interviews were recorded and transcribed with themes identified via an inductive approach. Setting: A large public university on the US west coast. Participants: Thirty college students. Results: Key themes that emerged: purchasing cheap unhealthy foods; insufficient time to prepare and eat meals on a regular basis; stress and anxiety around the inability to eat healthy food and future health issues; self-perception of health when eating poorly along with physical symptoms; and low academic motivation by not fully participating in their courses due to few healthy food options or missing meals. Conclusion: Marginal food security can potentially diminish students’ health and their capacity to learn and succeed in their coursework. The results emphasize that students experiencing marginal food security should not be grouped with students experiencing high food security.

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Olfactory perception of food abundance regulates dietary restriction-mediated longevity via a brain-to-gut signal

Nature Aging ◽

10.1038/s43587-021-00039-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 255-268

Author(s):

Bi Zhang ◽

Heejin Jun ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Jianfeng Liu ◽

X. Z. Shawn Xu

Keyword(s):

Dietary Restriction ◽

Food Abundance ◽

Olfactory Perception

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534 Food Insecurity and Sleep Health by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group in the United States

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A211-A211

Author(s):

Nyree Riley ◽

Dana Alhasan ◽

W Braxton Jackson ◽

Chandra Jackson

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

High Food ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Food insecurity may influence sleep through poor mental health (e.g., depression) and immune system suppression. Although prior studies have found food insecurity to be associated with poor sleep, few studies have investigated the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse participants and with multiple sleep dimensions. Methods Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food insecurity and sleep health. Food security was categorized as very low, low, marginal, and high. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (<6 hours), short (<7 hours), recommended (7–9 hours), and long (≥9 hours). Sleep disturbances included trouble falling and staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sleep dimensions by very low, low, and marginal vs. high food security. Results The 177,435 participants’ mean age was 47.2±0.1 years, 52.0% were women, 68.4% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Among individuals reporting very low food security, 75.4% had an annual income of <$35,000 and 60.3% were ≥50 years old. After adjustment, very low vs. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR=2.61 [95%CI: 2.44–2.80]) and short (PR=1.66 [95% CI: 1.60–1.72]) sleep duration. Very low vs. high food security was associated with both trouble falling asleep (PR=2.21 [95% CI: 2.12–2.30]) and trouble staying asleep (PR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.91–2.06]). Very low vs. high food security was associated with higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asians (PR=3.64 [95% CI: 2.67–4.97]), Whites (PR=2.73 [95% CI: 2.50–2.99]), Blacks (PR=2.03 [95% CI: 1.80–2.31]), and Hispanic/Latinxs (PR=2.65 [95% CI: 2.30–3.07]). Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with poor sleep in a diverse sample of the US population. Support (if any):

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