scholarly journals Morphological features of the chiasma tendinum and its relation with surface landmarks and pulleys: a cadaveric study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğur Dinç ◽  
Ecem Şengezer ◽  
Orhan Beger ◽  
Merve Şehide Yılmaz ◽  
Zeliha Kurtoğlu Olgunus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Aim Chiasma tendinum (Camper’s chiasm) is of great importance in the delicate movements and stability of the fingers and takes place poorly in the literature. This study aims to reveal the morphometric details of the chiasma tendinum in relation with pulleys and other relevant structures. Materials and methods Palm and 2nd to 5th fingers of 10 (6 male, 4 female) formalin fixed cadavers were used bilaterally. After determining the superficial reference points on the fingers, the skin and the tendon sheath were incised, and then measurements of chiasma tendinum and related tendons were performed. The measurements were analyzed with respect to fingers, genders, and sides. Finally, the types of chiasma tendinum were identified and then grouped as symmetrical, asymmetrical, and pseudo chiasm. Results Pulley and chiasma tendinum positions were correlated with finger length (p < 0.01). Pulley lengths were significantly less in females. Asymmetrical chiasma tendinum types were found in 45% of the fingers. In most comparisons, values for fifth finger were significantly different than that of other fingers and chiasma tendinum types differed according to fingers and gender. The case of no fiber exchange was observed only in the 5th finger in 15%. Conclusion Findings related to the prediction of location of the pulleys and chiasma tendinum according to the superficial signs, awareness of cases where one of the two arms of the flexor digitorum superficialis is extremely thin and no fiber exchanges that may be risk factors for spontaneous tendon rupture may help provide more accurate approaches in relevant clinical applications.

Triggering Secondary to an Untreated Partially-Cut Flexor Tendon

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-421
Author(s):  
P. R. FREWIN ◽  
L. R. SCHEKER
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
A2 Pulley ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Proximal Border ◽  
Partial Division

A case is reported where a flap cut of the radial slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis triggered on the proximal border of the A2 pulley within a healed intact tendon sheath. Shaving the flap resolved the problem. This illustrates another post-traumatic mechanical cause of triggering after partial division of flexor tendons.

Camptodactyly Caused by Abnormal Insertion and Origin of Lumbrical Muscle

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MINAMI ◽  
T. SAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Similar Case ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Transverse Carpal Ligament ◽  
Lumbrical Muscle ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Little Finger

A 12-year-old boy had camptodactyly of the little finger. Operative findings revealed an abnormal origin of the lumbrical muscle from the transverse carpal ligament, and abnormal insertion into the tendon sheath of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon. No similar case has been reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Morphometry and anatomical variations of flexor digitorum superficialis

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 008-011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ray ◽  
A. Saxena ◽  
S. Nayak ◽  
B. Pugazhendi ◽  
B. Gayathri
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Introduction: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) takes its origin by two heads: humero ulnar and radial.. The FDS is considered to be potential flexor of proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalnageal and wrist joints through its insertion to the middle phalanges of lateral 4 fingers. Aim of the study was to conduct a morphometric study on FDS and to evaluate its variants in cadaveric limbs. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 25 right and 23 left upper limbs belonging to formalin fixed adult cadavers. Lengths of humeral, ulnar, radial heads of the muscle as well as its tendons were separately measured using digital caliper. Mean length of muscle bellies of humeral head, tendinous length and musculotendinous length tabulated. Results: A unique muscle belly arising from the deeper surface of left FDS as a tendon, proximal to flexor retinaculum, entering in the palm after passing through the carpal tunnel was observed. The muscle was inserted into the middle phalanx of index finger. Conclusion: Studies on absolute length of FDS are rare. The present study has significant influence on length tension relationship of afore mentioned muscle. The hazardous effects of anomalous belly of FDS and its consequences were also discussed.

Hemangioma of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Sheath in the Hand

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hee Kim ◽  
Min Jeong ◽  
Seung Bo Shim ◽  
Ji Heon Lee ◽  
Chong Kwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

LOCKING FINGER DUE TO A PARTIAL LACERATION OF THE FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS TENDON: A CASE REPORT

Hand Surgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Seki ◽  
Hiroshi Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Limited Range Of Motion ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
A1 Pulley

A 39-year-old woman sustained a small wound on the palm of her right hand, which quickly healed naturally; however, a month later pain and limited range of motion were noted in her right finger. Surgery revealed the radial half of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon was ruptured and formed a flap, which hooked at the entrance of the A1 pulley. The proximal stump was sutured to the remaining ulnar (normal) side of the FDS tendon. Locking occurs between the tendon flap and the tendon sheath; therefore, when there is no fibrous tendon sheath near the partially ruptured tendon, locking will not occur.

Effects of Key Travel Distances on Biomechanical Exposures and Typing Performance During UltraLow Key Travel Keyboards

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sisley ◽  
Kiana Kia ◽  
Peter W Johnson ◽  
Jeong Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Communis ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Physical Risk Factors ◽  
Small Muscle ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Travel Distances

This study investigated how differently ultra-low key travel (< 2.0 mm) keyboards affect typing force, muscle activity, and typing productivity as compared to a conventional keyboard. In a repeated-measures laboratory-based study with 20 subjects, we collected and compared typing forces, muscle activity in extrinsic finger muscles (flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum communis(EDC)), and typing performance among five keyboards with different key travel distances (0.5, 0.7, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mm). The results showed that there were differences between ultra-low key travel keyboards (0.5, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.6 mm) and a conventional keyboard (2.0 mm) in typing force (p < 0.001), muscle activity (p > 0.07) expect for FDS (p < 0.01), and typing speed (p < 0.001). However, in general, the differences appears to be practically small: muscle activity (less than 1.3%) and typing force (less than 0.5 newton). The study findings indicates that the ultra-low key travel keyboards may not increase or decrease physical risk factors and typing performances as compared to conventional keyboards.

Operative Findings in Camptodactyly of the Little Finger

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. OGINO ◽  
H. KATO
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Normal Tendon ◽  
Flexor Tendon Sheath ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

In five of six cases of camptodactyly in which an abnormality of the flexor tendon was examined at operation, the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon was hypoplastic and there was no continuity of the normal tendon between the muscle belly and bony insertion. The proximal end of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon was attached to the palmar aponeurosis and the flexor tendon sheath of the ring finger in two patients, to the palmar aponeurosis in one, to the undersurface of the transverse carpal ligament in one and to the flexor tendon sheath of the ring finger in one. The tenodesis effect of the abnormal tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis is considered to play an important role in the cause and rapid increase of the deformity of camptodactyly.

Impact of age and sex on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wong ◽  
J Yap ◽  
KK Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Aims The influence of age and gender on clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well reported, but literature remains sparse on whether these extend to the disease in its preclinical stage. We aim to report the prevalence, risk-factors and impact of age and gender on the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy Asian population. Methods Healthy subjects aged 30-69 years old, with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes were recruited from the general population. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was quantified via the Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) with CACS of 0 indicating the absence of calcified plaque, 1 to 10 minimal plaque, 11 to 100 mild plaque, and &gt;100 moderate to severe plaque. Results A total of 663 individuals (mean age 49.4 ± 9.2 years, 44.8% male) were included. The prevalence of any CAC was 29.3% with 9% having CAC &gt; 100.  The prevalence was significantly higher in males than females (43.1 vs 18.0%, p &lt; 0.001). These gender differences became increasingly pronounced with increasing age, especially in those with moderate-severe CAC. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between increasing age, male, higher blood pressure, increased glucose levels and higher LDL cholesterol levels with the presence of any CAC. LDL cholesterol was more significantly associated with CAC in females compared to males (Pinteraction = 0.022). Conclusions The prevalence of preclinical atherosclerosis increased with age, and was higher in males than females, with gender-specific differences in associated risk factors. These results will better inform individualised future risk management strategies to prevent the development and progression of coronary artery disease within healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Recovery and Fatigue Behavior of Forearm Muscles during a Repetitive Power Grip Gesture in Racing Motorcycle Riders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Michel Marina ◽  
Priscila Torrado ◽  
Raul Bescós
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Power Grip ◽  
Road Racing ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Forearm Muscle

Despite a reduction in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVCisom) observed systematically in intermittent fatigue protocols (IFP), decrements of the median frequency, assessed by surface electromyography (sEMG), has not been consistently verified. This study aimed to determine whether recovery periods of 60 s were too long to induce a reduction in the normalized median frequency (MFEMG) of the flexor digitorum superficialis and carpi radialis muscles. Twenty-one road racing motorcycle riders performed an IFP that simulated the posture and braking gesture on a motorcycle. The MVCisom was reduced by 53% (p < 0.001). A positive and significant relationship (p < 0.005) was found between MFEMG and duration of the fatiguing task when 5 s contractions at 30% MVCisom were interspersed by 5 s recovery in both muscles. In contrast, no relationship was found (p > 0.133) when 10 s contractions at 50% MVC were interspersed by 1 min recovery. Comparative analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed a decrement of MFEMG in the IFP at 30% MVCisom including short recovery periods with a duty cycle of 100% (5 s/5 s = 1), whereas no differences were observed in the IFP at 50% MVCisom and longer recovery periods, with a duty cycle of 16%. These findings show that recovery periods during IFP are more relevant than the intensity of MVCisom. Thus, we recommend the use of short recovery periods between 5 and 10 s after submaximal muscle contractions for specific forearm muscle training and testing purposes in motorcycle riders.

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