Feeding habits in two sympatric species of Notothenioidei, Patagonotothen cornucola and Harpagifer bispinis, in the Chilean Patagonian channels and fjords

Polar Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Hüne ◽  
Rodrigo Vega
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sympatric Species

Molecular divergence between two sympatric species of Dondice (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with distinct feeding specializations

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gonzalez ◽  
Dieta Hanson ◽  
Ángel Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Gene Data

Analysis of mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear (H3) gene data using phylogenetic and population genetic approaches has revealed some genetic differences between two putative species of western Atlantic Dondice opisthobranchs that feed differentially on hydroids or on up-side-down jellies of the genus Cassiopeia. These results partially support the validity of the species Dondice parguerensis, which was described for the jelly-eating Dondice. However, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the hydroid-feeding species Dondice occidentalis and D. parguerensis are not reciprocally monophyletic and they are identical for the nuclear H3 gene. Although there are morphological and developmental differences between these two nominal species, the molecular data are inconclusive. A possible explanation is that the two putative species are in the process of speciation due to different feeding habits, resulting in the presence of genetic synapomorphies in D. parguerensis, but only in the more variable 16S gene. Because the ranges D. occidentalis and D. parguerensis overlap and there are no obvious barriers to gene flow between the two putative species, this may constitute a possible example of incipient sympatric speciation in benthic marine organisms.

Food and feeding habits of Triturus vulgaris (L.) and T. cristatus (LAURENTI) (Amphibia) in two bog tarns in central Norway

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Dolmen ◽  
Jan Ivar Koksvik
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Triturus Vulgaris ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Benthic Prey

AbstractThe diets oftwo sympatric species of newts, Triturus vulgaris(L.) and T. cristatus(LAURENTI), from two localities in central Norway, have been compared. Adult T. vulgaris ate mainly those Cladocera which can be classified as planktonic, and to a lesser degree those which are predominantly benthic. The food of T. cristatus was predominantly benthic invertebrates and Cladocera associated with the bottom. T. vulgaris larvae ate planktonic - and predominantly benthic Cladocera, and to a certain degree also larger benthic invertebrates, while T. cristatus larvae (July-August) had taken almost exclusively Cladocera, 75% of which can be classified as planktonic. Large T. cristatus larvae (in September) had eaten relatively more benthic prey. These data would fit the hypothesis that the modes of feeding of the species are different: Adult T. vulgaris swim about in the water much of the time, while T. cristatus stay on the bottom. Among the young, T. vulgaris larvae are mainly associated with the bottom, while T. cristatus larvae are definitely more nektonic during most of the summer; large T. cristatus larvae, however, when nearing the time for metamorphosis, become benthic.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of the Anatomy and Histology of Digestive Tracts in Two Sympatric Species of Freshwater Fishes

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taher Ba-Omar ◽  
Reginald Victor ◽  
Daniel Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Garra Barreimiae

Comparative anatomy and histology of the digestive tracts of two sympatric species of freshwater fish, Aphanius dispar (Cyprinodontidae) and Garra barreimiae (Cyprinidae) are studied. Morphometric measurements of alimentary canal such as length and the number and height of rugae in sections have been made for both species. Relationships between these morphometric characters and the total length of fish have been evaluated. The ratio between the length of alimentary canal and total length of fish in both species reflects their feeding habits. Histology of the ‘stomach’ and ‘intestine’ of these two species as shown by light microscopy has been described and compared. Results of this study are used to discuss the query whether these species have true stomachs. 

Diet and habitat use of two sympatric species of Philodryas (Colubridae), in south Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Marques ◽  
Paulo Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
South Brazil

AbstractFeeding habits and habitat use of the colubrid snakes Philodryas olfersii and P. patagoniensis in southern Brazil are presented here. Philodryas olfersii and P. patagoniensis are sympatric in the study area and both dwell in open and forested areas. Specimens preserved in collections and observations of snakes in the field yielded the data. Both species are diet generalists, feeding on small vertebrates, mainly frogs. Philodryas patagoniensis has a broader diet, a less variable frequency of food items, and fed on heavier prey than P. olfersii. Seasonal variation in diet occurs in both species. The semiarboreal Philodryas olfersii is more slender and has a longer tail than the terrestrial P. patagoniensis, characters that may reflect differences in microhabitat use. There are a strong relationship between habitat use and frequency of a given food type. Differences in the use of food resources between P. olfersii and P. patagoniensis seem to reflect differences in foraging microhabitats used by each species.

scholarly journals “Unraveling the Gut Microbiota Composition of the Genus Herichthys (Cichliformes:Pisces)”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Mejía ◽  
Andrés Sánchez Quinto ◽  
Elizabeth S Gómez Acata ◽  
Fabian Pérez Miranda ◽  
Luisa I Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
As Species ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The coevolution between hosts and their gut microbiota arises as a promissory research program that could explain diversity patterns. The fishes of the cichlid family are an ideal model to evaluate coevolution due to their spectacular radiation. In particular, the neotropical genus Herichthys represents a great study case of study since it includes species with wide and narrow distributions, with several feeding habits as well as species that arose allopatrically and truly sympatrically. We used the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the 11 species of the genus Herichthys obtained from museum collections to evaluate the existence of phylosymbiosis between the fishes and their gut microbiota. Results The highest diversity values of gut microbiota diversity were found in the detritivorous species while the herbivorous, molluscivorous, and piscivorous showed the lowest diversity values. Differences in gut microbiota were found between species and trophic guilds, in particular for the sympatric species comparison. The phylosymbiosis test was significant showing that the evolution of the gut microbiota is different in species that arise in allopatric and sympatric conditions. Conclusions The most abundant phyla recovered from the gut microbiota were similar to those previously reported in other studies with cichlids supporting the idea that a gut microbial core is conserved in this group of fishes despite millions of years of evolution. Despite the caveats of working with museum specimens, our results provide evidence that gut microbiota divergence could occur even in sympatric conditions and reveals the potential use of museum collections in gut microbiota studies.

Feeding ecology of two sympatric species of Acetes (Decapoda: Sergestidae) in Panguil Bay, the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Ephrime B. Metillo ◽  
Emily E. Cadelinia ◽  
Ken-ichi Hayashizaki ◽  
Takashi Tsunoda ◽  
Shuhei Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Trophic Pathways ◽  
Gut Fullness

Sergestid shrimps of the genus Acetes are important in global shrimp fisheries and nearshore food-webs. The feeding habits of the sympatric species Acetes erythraeus and A. intermedius from Panguil Bay, Philippines were studied using gut contents and stable isotopes analyses. Both species are omnivorous suspension feeders of plankton, macrophyte detritus, and amorphous particulate organic materials. However, the diet of adults and juveniles differed by prey type. Gut fullness differed over 24h with a night-time peak in A. erythraeus and morning and midnight peaks in A. intermedius. Over 1 year gut fullness peaked during July to September for both species, with a minor peak during January for A. intermedius. Stable isotope analysis revealed similar δ15N values, but both species showed ontogenetic and interspecific separation of δ13C. A. erythraeus seemed to assimilate highly depleted carbon food sources by mangrove-based detrital and plankton trophic pathways, whereas A. intermedius relied on plankton and macroalgal and seagrass detrital pathways. These trophic differences may be mechanisms of partitioning the feeding niche, but allotopy in the two species with A. erythraeus confined to more brackish waters and A. intermedius dwelling in more saline marine waters may indicate that habitat niche segregation underlies these contrasting carbon trophic pathways.

Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of stingrays on a tropical mudflat

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1007
Author(s):  
Kean Chong Lim ◽  
Ving Ching Chong ◽  
Phaik-Eem Lim ◽  
Tatsuya Yurimoto ◽  
Kar Hoe Loh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Prey Specialization ◽  
Important Food Item

AbstractPeriodic fish ingressions into intertidal areas during high tide are known to occur on tropical mudflats. This study aimed to elucidate the feeding ground function of coastal mudflats for three common stingray species in the Klang Strait, Malaysia. Stingrays (disc width range from 5.65–54.50 cm) sampled over 17 months using a large barrier net (~2 ha enclosure) at two sampling sites were examined for their diet composition, prey frequency and prey volume according to predator species and maturity. The index of relative importance and Schoener's index of diet overlap were calculated. The three stingray species fed on relatively similar prey items which varied in size and contribution. Brevitrygon heterura fed on the widest range of prey taxa (28) whereas Hemitrygon bennetti (22) and Telatrygon biasa (17) showed higher prey specialization. The Penaeidae (dominantly Metapenaeus brevicornis and M. affinis) were the most important food item in the stingray diet which also included Actinopterygii, Amphipoda, Brachyura and Calanoida. The stingray diet showed an ontogenetic shift, with young stingrays tending to be generalists whereas the more mature stingrays (except H. bennetti) become more specialized in their feeding habits. This shift in feeding strategy reflects the diversity of prey taxa abundantly available to young stingrays on the mudflats, while the larger stingrays adapt to feed on larger prey once they enter deeper waters.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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