Fluoride alters feeding and memory in Lymnaea stagnalis

Abstract Parthenitae and cercariae of Plagiorchis. multiglandularis Semenov, 1927 are recorded in Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) for the fi rst time in Ukraine; their morphological characteristics are specifi ed. Diagnostic characters of P. multiglandularis parthenitae and cercariae found in Ukrainian Polissia are compared with those from other regions. To confi rm the validity of the species, a comparison of the morphometric data of this trematode larvae with the cercariae of Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802) Braun, 1902, found in molluscs L. stagnalis, L. ralustris and L. corvuses, was performed. It was determined that P. multiglandularis cercariae diff er from those of P. elegans in size and position of the penetration glands.

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Analysis and modulation of spike trains and oscillations in identified neural network of Lymnaea stagnalis L

Acta Biologica Hungarica ◽

10.1007/bf03543221 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 51 (2-4) ◽

pp. 231-235

Author(s):

G. Molnár ◽

A. Szűcs ◽

Katalin S. Rózsa

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽

Spike Trains

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Transcriptome profiling of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) for ecoimmunological research

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07428-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Otto Seppälä ◽

Jean-Claude Walser ◽

Teo Cereghetti ◽

Katri Seppälä ◽

Tiina Salo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽

De Novo ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Snail Species ◽

Immune Defence ◽

Immune Activity ◽

Self Recognition ◽

Immune Assays

Abstract Background Host immune function can contribute to numerous ecological/evolutionary processes. Ecoimmunological studies, however, typically use one/few phenotypic immune assays and thus do not consider the complexity of the immune system. Therefore, “omics” resources that allow quantifying immune activity across multiple pathways are needed for ecoimmunological models. We applied short-read based RNAseq (Illumina NextSeq 500, PE-81) to characterise transcriptome profiles of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda), a multipurpose model snail species. We used a genetically diverse snail stock and exposed individuals to immune elicitors (injury, bacterial/trematode pathogens) and changes in environmental conditions that can alter immune activity (temperature, food availability). Results Immune defence factors identified in the de novo assembly covered elements broadly described in other gastropods. For instance, pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) and lectins activate Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway and cytokines that regulate cellular and humoral defences. Surprisingly, only modest diversity of antimicrobial peptides and fibrinogen related proteins were detected when compared with other taxa. Additionally, multiple defence factors that may contribute to the phenotypic immune assays used to quantify antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase (PO)/melanisation-type reaction in this species were found. Experimental treatments revealed factors from non-self recognition (lectins) and signalling (TLR pathway, cytokines) to effectors (e.g., antibacterial proteins, PO enzymes) whose transcription depended on immune stimuli and environmental conditions, as well as components of snail physiology/metabolism that may drive these effects. Interestingly, the transcription of many factors (e.g., PRR, lectins, cytokines, PO enzymes, antibacterial proteins) showed high among-individual variation. Conclusions Our results indicate several uniform aspects of gastropod immunity, but also apparent differences between L. stagnalis and some previously examined taxa. Interestingly, in addition to immune defence factors that responded to immune elicitors and changes in environmental conditions, many factors showed high among-individual variation across experimental snails. We propose that such factors are highly important to be included in future ecoimmunological studies because they may be the key determinants of differences in parasite resistance among individuals both within and between natural snail populations.

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A survey of miRNAs involved in biomineralization and shell repair in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis

Discover Materials ◽

10.1007/s43939-021-00007-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Cerveau ◽

Daniel John Jackson

Keyword(s):

Matrix Protein ◽

Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Mature Mirnas ◽

Pond Snail ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Forming Process ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Freshwater Gastropod ◽

Shell Matrix

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a deeply conserved class of small, single stranded RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA levels via several targeted degradation pathways. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes and have been used to infer the deep evolutionary relationships of major groups such as the Metazoa. Here we have surveyed several adult tissues of the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (the Great Pond Snail) for miRNAs. In addition we perform a shell regeneration assay to identify miRNAs that may be involved in regulating mRNAs directly involved in the shell-forming process. From seven mature tissues we identify a total of 370 unique precursor miRNAs that give rise to 336 unique mature miRNAs. While the majority of these appear to be evolutionarily novel, most of the 70 most highly expressed (which account for 99.8% of all reads) share sequence similarity with a miRBase or mirGeneDB2.0 entry. We also identify 10 miRNAs that are differentially regulated in mantle tissue that is actively regenerating shell material, 5 of which appear to be evolutionarily novel and none of which share similarity with any miRNA previously reported to regulate biomineralization in molluscs. One significantly down-regulated miRNA is predicted to target Lst-Dermatopontin, a previously characterized shell matrix protein from another freshwater gastropod. This survey provides a foundation for future studies that would seek to characterize the functional role of these molecules in biomineralization or other processes of interest.

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