Baseline glucoregulatory function moderates the effect of dairy milk and fruit juice on postprandial cognition in healthy young adults

In the first 2 years of life, it is important to limit exposure to foods high in free sugars, in order to lay foundations for lifelong eating patterns associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. Intake data at this age is limited, so compliance with recommendations is not known. This analysis describes free sugars intakes, food sources and determinants of high consumption among Australian children at 2 years of age. Free sugars intakes were estimated using a customized Food Frequency Questionnaire, and median usual free sugars intake at 2 years was 22.5 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 12.8–37.7) g/day, contributing a median 8% of the estimated energy requirement (EER). Based on the EER, most children (71.1%) exceeded the World Health Organization recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars, with 38% of participants exceeding the <10% recommendation. Children from households with the greatest socioeconomic disadvantage were more likely to exceed the 10% recommendation (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.44, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.13–1.84), and be in the top tertile for free sugars intake (PR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19–2.10) than the least disadvantaged. Main sources of free sugars were non-core foods, such as fruit juice, biscuits, cakes, desserts and confectionery; with yogurt and non-dairy milk alternatives the two notable exceptions. Improved efforts to reduce free sugars are needed from the introduction of solid food, with a particular focus on fruit juice and non-core foods.

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Glycemic Control Outcomes Following Three Weeks of Added Sugar-Sweetened Beverages or 100% Fruit Juice: A Randomized Controlled Trial (P12-015-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz035.p12-015-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Rosenkranz ◽

Olivet Martinez ◽

Trevor Steele ◽

Sam Emerson ◽

Brooke Cull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Young Adults ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Objectives Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-related diseases. Evidence regarding the effect of 100% fruit juice on glycemic control is conflicting, with little research assessing the metabolic effects of SSBs versus 100% fruit juice, particularly in young, healthy individuals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether there were differences in glycemic control outcomes following three weeks of added caffeine-free soda, 100% fruit juice, or water in healthy, young adults. Methods In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, 36 participants (21.2 ± 2.8 yrs) consumed one of three beverages for three weeks: water (W), caffeine-free soda (S), or 100% fruit juice (FJ). At baseline and following the 3-week intervention, participants completed anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body composition via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and glycemic control assessments (fasting glucose (mg/dL), fasting insulin (IU/mL), and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test (OGTT)). Following baseline assessments, participants consumed two servings/day (∼710 mL) of their randomized beverage for three weeks, along with their habitual diets. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Differences between beverages for glycemic control outcomes were determined using ANOVA. Results Following the 3-week intervention, changes in fasting glucose were not significantly different between beverage conditions (W:4.70 ± 7.57%, S:5.46 ± 9.79%, FJ:4.93 ± 5.32%; P = 0.97), nor were changes in fasting insulin (W:25.77 ± 33.65%, S:15.71% ± 69.84%, FJ:25.86 ± 54.92%; P = 0.88). Changes in HOMA-IR were not different between beverage conditions (P = 0.96) and similarly, 2-hour OGTT revealed no differences between beverage conditions for glucose (P = 0.82) or insulin incremental area under the curve (P = 0.44). Conclusions In healthy, young adults, under free-living conditions, there were no differences in glycemic control outcomes when adding two servings of SSBs as compared to 100% fruit juice for three weeks. Longer-term trials are needed to elucidate the potential differential glycemic control responses to SSBs versus 100% fruit juice. Funding Sources N/A.

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Comparison of acute pressor effects of plain water, oral rehydration solution, and fruit juice ingestion in healthy young adults

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3126/jmcjms.v7i1.30007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Mrigendra Amatya ◽

K. Oli ◽

S. Pokhrel ◽

S. Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Medical Students ◽

Autonomic Dysfunction ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Oral Rehydration Salt ◽

Plain Water ◽

Oral Rehydration

Background and Objectives: Ingestion of plain water is associated with an acute rise in blood pressure, probably due to elicitation of a sympathetic reflex in patients with autonomic dysfunction. Whether the pressor response is similar in healthy individuals is disputed. Other types of fluid could have different effects. Comparison of the pressor effects of plain water ingestion with other types of fluids has been reported scantily. Material and methods: In a cross-over experimental study, young medical students ingested 500 mL of plain water (PW), 500 mL of oral rehydration salt solution (ORS), or 400 mL of commercial fruit juice (FJ) on separate days, with at least two days’ gap. Their heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP: systolic, SBP and diastolic, DBP) were recorded before, immediately after (0 min), and at 2, 5, 20, and 40 min after fluid ingestion and compared with baseline values. Results: Sixty nine apparently healthy medical students (40 males and 29 females, age range 18-24 years) participated in the study. Compared to baseline, SBP and DBP were significantly higher at 0, 2, and 5 min measurements with ORS and FJ; then lowered at 20 and 40 min. With the PW, BP changes were not significant at any time of measurement. In all experimental set ups, HR increased significantly at 0, 2, and 5 min and lowered to near baseline levels then after. Conclusion: Ingestion of ORS and FJ, but not PW, is associated with acute pressor effects in healthy young adults. This finding could have implications on the choice of fluid for prophylaxis in hypotensive conditions such as blood donation, postural hypotension, and autonomic dysfunction.

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PENINGKATAN PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI DUSUN WONOREJO KOTA BATU MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PRODUK SUSU PROBIOTIK-SARI BUAH SEBAGAI MINUMAN KESEHATAN

Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) ◽

10.20473/jlm.v4i1.2020.128-133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah ◽

Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽

Asri Darmawati ◽

Suko Hardjono

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Economic Value ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Product Characterization ◽

Target Community ◽

Processed Products ◽

Probiotic Dairy Products ◽

Probiotic Microbes ◽

Dairy Milk

Wonorejo village in Batu city is known as a vegetable and fruit producing area. Another popular product of Batu mostly is fresh dairy milk and only a small amount of processed products while the cow milk collected in KUD Batu has reached 16-17 tons per day. The problem was that the target community had no experiences in processing cow milk using probiotic microbes. The purpose was transfering of science and technology about the production of probiotic milk combined with fruit juice. This program was specifically directed to increase the empowerment of Kelompok Wanita Tani "Wonoasri" in Wonorejo, in developing of fruity- probiotic dairy products to increase the diversification of products with higher economic value. The method included workshop and technical assistance, which were carried out in a serie of steps: 1) exploring the knowledge of target by surveys and pre test, 2) lecturing and discussion, 3) demonstrating how to prepare and characterize the probiotic milk products, 4) training the preparation of product, 5) product characterization and packaging assistance, 6) evaluation. The results of this program were the target community gained increase in knowledge and experience, and they could produce fruity probiotic milk. In addition, we expected that they would increase their understanding and enthusiasm to appreciate the potency of their territory in order to improve the nation's competitiveness. abstrakDesa Wonorejo di kota Batu dikenal sebagai daerah penghasil sayur dan buah. Produk populer lain dari Batu adalah susu segar dan sejumlah kecil produk olahan. Susu sapi dikumpulkan di KUD Batu. Masalahnya adalah bahwa komunitas target tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam memproses susu sapi menggunakan mikroba probiotik. Tujuannya adalah mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tentang produksi susu probiotik yang dikombinasikan dengan jus buah. Program ini diarahkan untuk pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Wanita "Wonoasri" di Wonorejo, dalam mengembangkan produk susu buah-probiotik untuk diversifikasi produk dengan nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi. Metode tersebut termasuk lokakarya dan bantuan teknis, dalam serangkaian langkah: 1) mengeksplorasi pengetahuan target dengan survei dan pra-tes, 2) ceramah dan diskusi, 3) menunjukkan bagaimana mempersiapkan dan mengkarakterisasi produk susu probiotik, 4) pelatihan persiapan produk, 5) karakterisasi produk dan bantuan pengemasan, 6) evaluasi. Hasil program ini adalah komunitas sasaran memperoleh peningkatan dalam pengetahuan dan pengalaman, dan mereka dapat menghasilkan susu probiotik buah. Selain itu, kami berharap bahwa mereka akan meningkatkan pemahaman dan antusiasme mereka untuk menghargai potensi wilayah mereka untuk meningkatkan daya saing bangsa.

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Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1389-1403

Author(s):

Jessica Brown ◽

Kelly Knollman-Porter

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Life Span ◽

Sports Injuries ◽

Continuum Of Care ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

History Of ◽

Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

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