Ovarian morphology and endocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Context: Polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is present in 25% of normal women in the absence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, the natural history of PCOM is unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that the presence of PCOM predisposes the development of PCOS. Design: The study was a longitudinal follow-up study over 8.2 ± 5.2 yr (mean ± sd; range 1.7–17.5 yr). Setting: The study took place in an outpatient setting. Subjects: Women who took part in a previous study as a normal control and had an ultrasound examination (n = 40) participated. Intervention: Subjects underwent an interval menstrual history, physical exam, blood sampling, and repeat ultrasound in the follicular phase. Main Outcome Measure: Development of PCOS was diagnosed by irregular menses and hyperandrogenism, in the absence of other disorders. Changes in ovarian morphology over time were evaluated. Results: At the baseline visit, 23 women (57.5%) had PCOM and 17 (42.5%) had normal ovarian morphology. One subject with PCOM developed irregular menses and presumptive PCOS. Eleven subjects with PCOM no longer met the criteria for PCOM at follow-up. There was no factor that predicted the change to normal ovarian morphology at the follow-up visit. Conclusions: These data suggest that PCOM in women with regular ovulatory cycles does not commonly predispose the development of PCOS. Although it is unusual to develop PCOM if the ovaries are normal on first assessment, ovaries in women with PCOM no longer meet the criteria for PCOM in approximately half of cases over time.

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Relationship of ovarian morphology to degree of menstrual cycle dysfunction and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.271 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. S69

Author(s):

K.M. Brennan ◽

M. Brower ◽

M. Pall ◽

U. Ezeh ◽

C.A. Torralba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Morphology ◽

Relationship Of

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Contemporary approaches to the management of polycystic ovary syndrome

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018818756790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Renato Pasquali

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Review Article ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Androgen Excess ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽

Ovarian Morphology

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women in their reproductive years and is characterized by androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is also associated with several metabolic abnormalities, particularly insulin resistance and obesity, which play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS and, in particular, negatively influence ovarian function and fertility. This review article summarizes the available treatment for women with PCOS. Specifically, current and potentially new therapies are discussed.

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L-Carnitine improves endocrine function and folliculogenesis by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice following induction of polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd18131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zahra Kalhori ◽

Malek Soleimani Mehranjani ◽

Mehri Azadbakht ◽

Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pcos Group ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Group Serum

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to low levels of serum l-carnitine, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine on folliculogenesis in mice following induction of PCOS. PCOS was induced by daily injections of testosterone enanthate (1mg per 100g, s.c., for 35 days). NMRI mice (21 days old) were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): Control, Control+l-carnitine, PCOS and PCOS+l-carnitine. Mice were treated with 500mgkg−1, i.p., l-carnitine every second day for 28 days. Ovaries were studied stereologically and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined using ELISA kits. Serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also analysed. Apoptosis of follicles was evaluated by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP–digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL). CD31 was assessed immunohistochemically. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test, differences considered significant at P<0.05.The total volume of the ovary, cortex volume, oocyte volume, zona pellucida thickness and the number of antral follicles increased significantly, whereas the number of primary and preantral follicles decreased significantly, in the PCOS+l-carnitine versus PCOS group. In the PCOS+l-carnitine group, serum concentrations of FSH and FRAP increased significantly, whereas there were significant decreases in serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as in the percentage of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, compared with the PCOS group. l-Carnitine improves folliculogenesis and is therefore suggested as a therapeutic supplement in the treatment of PCOS.

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Impact of right–left differences in ovarian morphology on the ultrasound diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 939-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brittany Y. Jarrett ◽

Heidi Vanden Brink ◽

Eric D. Brooks ◽

Kathleen M. Hoeger ◽

Steven D. Spandorfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ultrasound Diagnosis ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Morphology

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Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Morphology in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Yearbook of Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/s0084-3741(08)70198-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 389-391

Author(s):

A.W. Meikle

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Morphology

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Options for generating polycystic ovary syndrome based on experimental findings in animal models

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd69489-100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 89-100

Author(s):

Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽

Elena I. Abashova ◽

Olga L. Bulgakova

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽

Ovarian Morphology ◽

Genetic Interventions ◽

Experimental Findings

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine pathology that affects 814% of women of reproductive age. The leading signs of the disease are hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Over the past decades, a variety of animal models have been developed to study the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS, including chemical, hormonal, and genetic interventions. However, a large number of experimental techniques differ even in the framework of a single model. In this review article, we summarized PCOS animal models using both direct hormonal effects and indirect methods.

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