Options for generating polycystic ovary syndrome based on experimental findings in animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Elena I. Abashova ◽  
Olga L. Bulgakova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Experimental Findings

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine pathology that affects 814% of women of reproductive age. The leading signs of the disease are hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Over the past decades, a variety of animal models have been developed to study the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS, including chemical, hormonal, and genetic interventions. However, a large number of experimental techniques differ even in the framework of a single model. In this review article, we summarized PCOS animal models using both direct hormonal effects and indirect methods.

scholarly journals HOW POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) AFFECTS THE FERTILITY POTENTIAL OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE FEMALES: REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Implantation Failure ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Fertility Potential

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major causes of decreased fertility in young females. Multiple extra- and intra-ovarian factors which are worked together or separately are responsible for sub-fertility. However, still, ovulatory dysfunction is the cornerstone that occurs as a result of hormonal dysfunction and consequently affects oocytes' quality, embryonic development and finally, implantation failure with a significant number of females seek assisted reproduction for getting pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of the Brain in the Pathogenesis and Physiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coutinho ◽  
Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder, affecting at least 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is typically characterized by the presence of at least two of the three cardinal features of hyperandrogenemia (high circulating androgen levels), oligo- or anovulation, and cystic ovaries. Hyperandrogenemia increases the severity of the condition and is driven by increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse secretion from the pituitary. Indeed, PCOS women display both elevated mean LH levels, as well as an elevated frequency of LH pulsatile secretion. The abnormally high LH pulse frequency, reflective of a hyperactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural circuit, suggests a neuroendocrine basis to either the etiology or phenotype of PCOS. Several studies in preclinical animal models of PCOS have demonstrated alterations in GnRH neurons and their upstream afferent neuronal circuits. Some rodent PCOS models have demonstrated an increase in GnRH neuron activity that correlates with an increase in stimulatory GABAergic innervation and postsynaptic currents onto GnRH neurons. Additional studies have identified robust increases in hypothalamic levels of kisspeptin, another potent stimulator of GnRH neurons. This review outlines the different brain and neuroendocrine changes in the reproductive axis observed in PCOS animal models, discusses how they might contribute to either the etiology or adult phenotype of PCOS, and considers parallel findings in PCOS women.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Animal Models: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. As a widely used complementary and alternative therapy, acupuncture is increasingly used to treat PCOS. However, the effect of acupuncture in treating PCOS is uncertain and the mechanisms are unclear. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of acupuncture on PCOS in animal preclinical models.Methods: We will search the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. We will only include animal experiments of acupuncture in treating PCOS. The primary outcome will be homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. Confidence in the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All meta-analyses will be conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, the use of acupuncture in treating PCOS has not yet been systematically reviewed in animal models. The evidence generated from this systematic review and meta-analysis could benefit future researches. Systematic review registration: OSF (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FNM37)

scholarly journals Contemporary approaches to the management of polycystic ovary syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Pasquali
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women in their reproductive years and is characterized by androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is also associated with several metabolic abnormalities, particularly insulin resistance and obesity, which play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS and, in particular, negatively influence ovarian function and fertility. This review article summarizes the available treatment for women with PCOS. Specifically, current and potentially new therapies are discussed.

Genetic association study of ERBB4 SNP rs1351592 with polycystic ovary syndrome in Pakistani population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Afzal ◽  
Ghazala Kaukab Raja ◽  
Maimoona Afzal ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Nighat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an oligogenic condition, characterised by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Previously, European and Han Chinese populations identified different susceptibility loci, of which ERBB4 (rs1351592) was strongly associated with PCOS. Our study aimed to investigate the association of ERBB4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), rs1351592 with PCOS in Pakistani women of Hazara region. Fifty PCOS patients and 14 healthy women were recruited and SNP was replicated using ARMS-PCR and sequencing. The study showed that Luteinising Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Testosterone (T) were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls (P <0.05). Overall, the frequency of G allele was higher than C allele and the SNP lacked significant association with PCOS. This is the first study demonstrating the association of ERBB4 SNP, rs1351592 with PCOS in Pakistani population. Further research, Continuous....

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Lijia Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Gao ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. As a widely used complementary and alternative therapy, acupuncture is increasingly used to treat PCOS. However, the effect of acupuncture in treating PCOS is uncertain, and the mechanisms are unclear. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of acupuncture on PCOS in animal preclinical models. Methods. Experimental animal studies of acupuncture in PCOS animal models were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database from inception to December 2020. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. Results. A total of 358 studies were screened based on the title and abstract, and 31 studies were included. A total of 722 animals were involved, and all studies used either Wistar rats or SD rats. Twenty-six studies used electroacupuncture, 9 studies used manual acupuncture, and 5 of them employed both electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture. A total of 22 acupoints were involved; 7 studies followed the modern acupuncture pattern, and the rest followed classic acupuncture theory. Conclusions. The present review summarizes the current evidence of the effects of acupuncture on PCOS in animal models. Unfortunately, we could not draw a definite conclusion due to the methodological weakness of the included studies and the high heterogeneity. Well-designed studies are needed in the future to fill this gap.

Diagnostic difficulties of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescent girls

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Ságodi ◽  
László Barkai
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. It occurs in 6–8% of the female population in the reproductive age. The syndrome may be associated with various metabolic disorders which may impair the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. The diagnosis in adults is usually established by the presence of three criteria. Polycystic ovary syndrome can be also identified in adolescent girls. Although the clinical, hormonal and metabolic features are similar to those found in adult women, it may be difficult to distinguish normal adolescents from those with polycystic ovary syndrome. Irregular menstruation, anovulatory cycles, and acne are not uncommon in adolescents, and polycystic ovary syndrome may mimic physiological anovulation in adolescents. There is a high probability of polycystic ovary syndrome if anovulatory cycles persist for more than 2 years. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents may require a unique set of criteria, however, there are no generally accepted recommendations for the diagnostic work-up. The authors propose that hyperandrogenemia is often the most reliable finding in this age group, and it may be prudent to define adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Obesity in adolescent girls may increase the severity of symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and this underlines the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 136–142.

Luteolin alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by resolving insulin resistance and oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Huang ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Pcos Group

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated secretion of androgen, commonly associated with insulin resistance (IR), which could exacerbate patient with PCOS. Development of a safe and effective treatment in preventing and treating PCOS will be beneficial to women of reproductive age. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group treated with vehicle (saline) or luteolin; letrozole and high fat diet induced PCOS group treated with vehicle or luteolin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Ovary tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Luteolin normalized estrus cycle and improved ovarian morphology, including reduced polycystic and alleviated the loss of oocytes and corpus luteum in PCOS rats. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, and estradiol were reduced while luteinizing hormone and testosterone were elevated in PCOS rats relative to that of sham, which were significantly normalized by luteolin. Notably, luteolin significantly inhibited IR and up-regulated protein levels of PI3K p85a and pAKT compared with PCOS rats treated with vehicle. In addition, the activities of antioxidants such as SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH were reduced in PCOS rats, which were significantly increased by luteolin. Protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and downstream genes such as Hmox1 and Nqo1 were restored by luteolin in PCOS rats. Collectively, this study demonstrated that luteolin inhibited IR by prompting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and enhanced antioxidative response through the restoration of Nrf2 pathway.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovarian morphology in Thai women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Thanyarat Wongwananuruk ◽  
Panicha Chantrapanichkul ◽  
Vichuta Unalome ◽  
Suchada Indhavivadhana ◽  
Manee Rattanachaiyanont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Thai Women ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in ultrasound technology have facilitated identifying polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it still has limitations due to follicle counting methods and variation of phenotypes according to ethnicity. Ethnicity-specific ovarian morphology may help to establish ethnicity-specific follicle count cut points for defining PCOM in women with PCOS.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with PCOM in Thai women of a reproductive age with PCOS.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in our gynecology department at a tertiary teaching hospital from February 2016 to May 2017. We included women with PCOS, who were measured for weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, testosterone level, and 2 h post-load 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Transvaginal or transrectal sonography was performed to evaluate their ovaries.ResultsAll 143 patient participants we included had oligomenorrhea, 77.6% of them had acne, and 64.3% hirsutism. Their average total testosterone level was 0.47 ± 0.10 ng/mL. The prevalence of PCOM was 55.2%. The proportions of PCOM diagnosed by ovarian follicle and ovarian volume criteria were 36.4% and 42.0%, respectively. There were 20.0 ± 9.5 follicles per ovary, 8.3 ± 3.1 follicles per cross section, and the mean ovarian volume was 7.9 ± 3.0 mL.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of PCOM in Thai women of reproductive age with PCOS was 55.2%. Our univariate analysis found no factors significantly associated with PCOM.

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