Analytical findings in a non-fatal intoxication with the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA): a case report

International Journal of Legal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00414-021-02717-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Franziska Gaunitz ◽

Hilke Andresen-Streichert

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Health Risks ◽

Police Officers ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Plasma Sample ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Complete Loss ◽

Self Control ◽

Fatal Intoxication ◽

Loss Of Self

AbstractThe case report centres on analytical findings from a spice sample (mixed with tobacco (as a cigarette) for consumption), and its corresponding plasma sample, smoked by a 31-year-old man who was attended by emergency services following collapse. The man was fully conscious and cooperative during initial medical treatment. Suddenly, he suffered a complete loss of self-control, whereupon the police was notified. The man encountered the police officers when exiting the apartment, at which point he threatened them with clenched fists and reached for a plant bucket in order to strike out in the direction of the officers. At the trial, he described himself as confused and as being completely overwhelmed, having lost self-control, suffered a panic attack and “just wanted to get out the situation”. Furthermore, he stated that he had no recollection of the incident. He feared death due to palpitations, heart pain, dizziness and repetitive anxiety states. Routine systematic as well as extended toxicological analysis of the plasma sample, taken approximately 2 h after the incident, confirmed the use of cannabis and spice. Plasma concentrations of THC, OH-THC and THC-COOH were 8.0 μg/L, 4.0 μg/L and 147 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, analysis confirmed uptake of 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA) via detection of both 5F-ADB and the 5F-ADB N-(5-OH-pentyl) metabolite. The spice sample additionally contained 5F-MDMB-PICA, which was not detected in the plasma sample. A differentiation between a possible co-use and a recent use of cannabis was not possible. In summary, this case once more underlines the health risks of spice use.

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Panic Disorder with Choking Phobia : a Case Report

Scientia Psychiatrica ◽

10.37275/scipsy.v1i2.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Patricia Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Panic Disorder ◽

Behavior Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽

Panic Attack ◽

The Body ◽

Self Control ◽

Panic Attacks ◽

Cognitive Behavior ◽

Loss Of Self

Abstract Panic disorder is a form of anxiety disorder characterized by repeated panic attacks and preoccupied with worrying that a panic attack will occur. Panic attacks are characterized by fears of a disaster or loss of self-control even though there is really nothing to worry about. Other symptoms experienced during a panic attack are heart palpitations (similar to a heart attack), shortness of breath, feelings of suffocation, and the body feels weak. If this disorder is not detected early, it will affect the daily life of the patient. This case report presents the case of a 34-year-old woman who experiences symptoms of panic disorder with choking phobia that is managed with antidepressants and cognitive behavior therapy. In addition, there is discussion of differential diagnosis and the role of cognitive behavior therapy in handling this case.

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Carry on or giving in: The role of (implicit) cognition in the maintenance or loss of self-control

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e524332011-077 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

H. Alberts ◽

C. Martijn

Keyword(s):

Implicit Cognition ◽

Self Control ◽

Loss Of Self

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Ego Depletion

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 111-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark Muraven ◽

Jacek Buczny ◽

Kyle F. Law

Keyword(s):

Limited Resource ◽

Ego Depletion ◽

Self Control ◽

Negative Outcomes ◽

Ego Strength ◽

Loss Of Self ◽

Comprehensive Theory ◽

Depletion Effect

Self-control all too often fails. Despite people’s best intentions and considerable negative outcomes, people often find themselves at the losing end of resisting temptation, combating urges, and changing their behavior. One reason for these failures may be that exerting self-control depletes a limited resource (ego depletion) that is necessary for the success of self-control. Hence, after exerting self-control, individuals are less able resist temptations, fight urges, or stop a behavior that results in a loss of self-control. This chapter reviews the evidence for this theory in a wide variety of domains and examines what behaviors appear to deplete ego strength and how depletion affects behavior. A comprehensive theory that examines how depletion operates is put forth and used to examine some factors that might moderate the depletion effect.

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A Model for a Statewide Critical Incident Stress (CIS) Debriefing Program for Emergency Services Personnel

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00037390 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keith W. Neely ◽

William J. Spitzer

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Police Officers ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Critical Incident ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Fire Department ◽

Critical Incident Stress ◽

Emergency Services Personnel ◽

Response Team

AbstractPurpose:Emergency services personnel are highly vulnerable to acute and cumulative critical incident stress (CIS) that can manifest as anger, guilt, depression, and impaired decision-making, and, in certain instances, job loss. Interventions designed to identify such distress and restore psychological functioning becomes imperative.Methods:A statewide debriefing team was formed in 1988 through a collaborative effort between an academic department of emergency medicine and a social work department of a teaching hospital, and a metropolitan area fire department and ambulance service. Using an existing CIS debriefing model, 84 pre-screened, mental health professionals and emergency services personnel were provided with 16 hours of training and were grouped into regional teams.Debriefing requests are received through a central number answered by a communicator in a 24-hour communications center located within the emergency department. Debriefings are conducted 48–72 hours after the event for specific types of incidents. Follow-up telephone calls are made by the debriefing team leader two to three weeks following a debriefing. The teams rely on donations to pay for travel and meals.Results:One hundred sixty-eight debriefings were conducted during the first four years. Rural agencies accounted for 116 (69%) requests. During this period, 1,514 individuals were debriefed: 744 (49%) firefighters, 460 (30%) EMTs, and 310 (21%) police officers, dispatchers, and other responders. Deaths of children, extraordinary events, and incidents involving victims known to the responders (35%, 14%, and 14% respectively) were the most common reasons for requesting debriefings. Feedback was received from 48 (28%) of the agencies that requested the debriefing. All of those who responded felt that the debriefing had a beneficial effect on its personnel. Specific individuals identified by agency representatives as having the greatest difficulty were observed to be returned to their pre-incident state.Conclusion:CIS debriefings are judged as beneficial. A statewide response team is an effective way to provide these services at no cost to agencies.

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Recognising the Role of the Emotion of Fear in Offences and Defences

The Journal of Criminal Law ◽

10.1177/0022018319877784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 450-472

Author(s):

Susan SM Edwards

Keyword(s):

Criminal Responsibility ◽

Self Control ◽

Mens Rea ◽

Emotional States ◽

Loss Of Self ◽

Human Conduct ◽

Privileged Status ◽

Actus Reus ◽

Male Experience

Anger, its part in human conduct and in crime commission has been much discussed and accorded a privileged status within the law, while the role of fear has been less considered. Notwithstanding, fear and related emotional states have received some recognition as intrinsic elements of the perpetrator’s object integral to the actus reus of certain offences and relevant to the defendant’s mens rea of some defences. The harm caused by deliberately or negligently instilling fear in another is inconsistently considered in law as is its impact on criminal responsibility and mens rea. Fear has been recently acknowledged as a permissible cause of loss of self-control in a partial defence to murder (Coroners and Justice Act 2009 s 55(3)). It remains a contested emotion and as with anger the male experience of what circumstances trigger fear predominates.

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Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives ◽

10.1080/20009666.2018.1510711 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 307-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chisom Ikeji ◽

Charmian D. Sittambalam ◽

Lyn M. Camire ◽

David S. Weisman

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Fatal Intoxication

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THE MEANINGS OF CANCER SURVIVAL: FROM LOSS OF SELF-CONTROL TO OPTIMISM AND HOPE

Reme Revista Mineira de Enfermagem ◽

10.5935/1415-2762.20190103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Rafaela A. A. de Oliveira Simoneti ◽

Marcia Maria Fontão Zago

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survival ◽

Self Control ◽

Loss Of Self

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An Exploratory Study of Police Officers’ Perceptions of Health Risk, Work Stress, and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632970 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qiufeng Huang ◽

Ali Ahmad Bodla ◽

Chiyin Chen

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Risk Perception ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Health Risk ◽

Work Stress ◽

Health Risks ◽

Police Officers ◽

Working Hours ◽

Health Risk Perception

BackgroundHow do the police officers perceive health risk, psychological distress, and work stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in China? This study explores the health risk perception, work stress, and psychological distress of police officers who worked at the front line to implement lockdown measures.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a large-scale field survey (N = 5,611) with police officers sample in the northwestern part of China from February 29 to March 7, 2020. Independent-sample T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze whether there are differences in health risk perception, work stress, and psychological distress between different groups. The regression analysis was employed to figure out the factors that influence police officers’ psychological distress.ResultsResults showed a gender difference in perceiving work stress among police officers. Also, police officers with chronic disease perceived higher health risks, more psychological distress, and higher work stress. Additionally, police officers above 45 years old significantly perceived higher health risks than young officers did. It also revealed that working hours contribute to police officers’ health risk perception, psychological distress, and work stress. Finally, our results highlight that age, working hours, chronic disease, health risk perception, and work stress significantly contribute to police officers’ psychological distress.ConclusionOur research verifies that there is a gender difference in perceiving work stress among police officers. Police officers with ongoing medical issues and above 45 years old suffer more during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Our research suggests that the government should pay more attention to their physical health and mental health. The heavy workload containing the COVID-19 extends police officers’ working hours, causing higher health risks, work stress, and psychological distress. This study contributes to the psychological distress literature and provides a way forward to other countries struggling to contain the COVID-19.

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