Efficacy of hypnotherapy on pain intensity and psychological distress among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, applicability of suggestions focused on cognitive flexibility and ego strength

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD is a health difficulty that is so similar to premenstrual syndrome PMS but is more serious Many women with PMDD may also have anxiety or depression, in this way, lasting irritability or anger that may affect other people, feelings of sadness or despair, or even thoughts of suicide, feelings of tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings or crying often, lack of interest in daily activities and relationships, trouble thinking or focusing, tiredness or low energy, food cravings or binge eating, trouble sleeping, feeling out of control, physical symptoms such as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain are some of prevalent symptoms suffer women with PMDDMethods: The present research was a randomized controlled trial. In order to control variables pain intensity and psychological distress among patients with PMDD, the participants were selected accidently from female students of Shahed University of Tehran who consulted to psychology in order to assess their premenstrual symptoms and randomly divided into two groups. Each of groups encompassed 30 women between 20 up to 35-year-old whom diagnosed by PMDD via PSST from winter 2019 to spring 2020. In this study, one group received hypnotherapy and the other group received no intervention. Results: There are significant differences between the two groups. The efficacy of the procedure of hypnotherapy in the experimental group was more than that in the control group, (sig = 0.05).Conclusion The present study findings revealed that hypnotherapy with suggestions focused on cognitive flexibility and ego strength affected pain intensity and psychological distress among females with PMDD significantly. (sig=0.05)

Case Report: Individualization of Intensive Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy on the Basis of Ego Strength

In intensive transactional analysis psychotherapy (ITAP), intensity is obtained with both technical expedients and the relational manner with the patient. In ITAP, the therapist modulates pressure and support commensurately to the patients' ego strength. In the present article, we contrast two clinical cases of young adults in which ego strength produced different therapy outcomes and processes. We present excerpts of the psychotherapy process that illustrates technical aspects of ITAP as well as the therapist's attitude that we describe as holding. We show quantitative therapy outcomes consisting of effects size values of changes in Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure scores in baseline, treatment, and follow-up phases and qualitative outcome evaluated with the Change Interview at the end of the therapy. In the patient with high ego strength, we observed a rapid improvement and a complete recovery at the end of the therapy, whereas the results of the patient with low ego strength were less consistent (more fluctuations in Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure scores including deterioration but good qualitative outcome). We conclude that quantitative and qualitative outcome data, together with process observations, are required to have a complete picture of therapy effectiveness. Moreover, we conclude that qualitative ego strength is not a limitation for the use of expressive therapy such as ITAP, but rather, it is an important variable that should be considered to dose confrontations and support.

Prediction of blood Sugar Regulation based on Healthy Boundaries, Ego Boundary and Post-trauma Growth in Patients with Diabetes.

Aims: The aim of this study was prediction of blood sugar regulation based on ego boundary, healthy boundary and post trauma growth in patient with Diabetes. Methods: For this purpose 50 people with diabetes were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The questionnaires used in this study were the post trauma growth inventory (PGI), the ego strength (PIES), and Healthy Boundaries (HB) Questionnaire. Results: Stepwise regression analysis showed that there were a significant positive relationship between blood sugar level (HbA1c) and ego strength, health boundaries and post-trauma growth (PTG). Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant correlation between hyperglycemia and health boundaries, ego strength and post-traumatic growth. This means that controlling and recognizing the boundaries of mental health and post-traumatic emotions prevents high blood (HbA1c) sugar and Type 2 diabetes.

Analisa Kepribadian dan Kehidupan Sosial Remaja dengan Orang Tua dan Teman Pergaulan bagi Penyalahguna Napza di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan remaja mengalami penyalahgunaan napza diantaranya adalah pengaruh pergaulan, lingkungan tempat tinggal, ikut-ikutan teman, keluarga yang broken home yang dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya perhatian dan komunikasi antara orang tua dan anak, serta tekanan yang dialami di masa remaja sehingga rentan menyalahgunakan napza. Dari survei di lapangan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti pada Bulan Maret Tahun 2020 di lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, pada Tahun 2018 remaja yang tersangkut masalah napza ada 4 orang, sedangkan pada Tahun 2019 terdapat 18 orang remaja (berkisar umur 13-19 tahun) yang ditahan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kepribadian dan kehidupan sosial remaja dengan orang tua dan teman pergaulannya bagi penyalahguna napza di Lembaga pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Kabupaten Rokan Hulu tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan cara melakukan wawancara mendalam pada 13 informan tentang analisis kepribadian dan kehidupan sosial remaja. Informan penelitian terdiri dari 4 orang informan utama remaja narapidana penyalahguna Napza,dan 9 orang informan pendukung. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara mengatur secara sistematis pedoman wawancara kemudian data diproses dan penyajian data secara deskriptif. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian ini dimulai dari tanggal 1 April 2020 s.d. 31 Juli 2020. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebagian besar remaja penyalahguna napza memiliki kepribadian negatif yaitu ego strength lemah, sebagian besar hubungan sosial remaja dengan orang tuanya adalah kurang baik dan kurang harmonis, sebagian besar hubungan sosial remaja dengan teman sebayanya adalah pergaulan yang tidak sehat. Orang tua memiliki peran yang sangat sentral dalam kehidupan remaja, keluarga yang harmonis akan memberikan efek yang baik bagi pergaulan remaja.

Development of the child’s ego strength scale: an observation-based assessment of the board game behaviors in play therapy in Korea

Background The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for assessing children’s ego strength through the observation of children playing board games in a therapeutic setting. Because ego strength is an index of psychosocial health, it is important to assess ego strength in childhood. In particular, children aged 7 to 9 exhibit their ego-strength characteristics in a situation challenged by self-competence due to their latency period. Therapists can identify such ego strength through game behaviors of children aged 7 to 9 in the play therapy setting. Thus, it is needed to develop a scale by selecting game play behaviors that grasp ego-strength. Method Data were collected from 127 play therapists and play therapist-supervisors, who observed 468 play therapy sessions and 55 children aged 7–9 who received play therapy in Korea. The scale was created through content validity verification, factor analysis and verification of criterion-related validity. Results We generated a Child’s Ego Strength Scale (CESS) consisting of five sub-factors (Coping Strategy, Cognitive Strategy, Ego Restriction, Interpersonal Functioning, Frustration Tolerance) through exploratory factor analysis. The scale met the goodness of fit criteria in a confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis of therapy sessions of children with strong and weak ego strength, as identified by play therapists, showed a significant difference between the two groups in all five sub-variables. There was a significant correlation between the CESS scores and scores of ego strength-related variables of the Rorschach scale, indicating good criterion-related validity. Conclusion The CESS appears to be a practical method for the assessment of ego strength in the field of child counseling.

Development of a New Measure for Assessing Mentalizing: The Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ)

This research consists of two studies which aimed to: (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a new self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing, the Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ); and (2) investigate the ability of the instrument to discriminate between community and clinical populations. A sample of 349 participants (19% male, 81% female; Mage = 38.6, SD = 15.3) filled in the MMQ and other self-report measures, in order to assess the factor structure, reliability and some aspects of construct validity of the measure. Then, a clinical sample (N = 46; 52% male and 48% female; Mage = 33.33, SD = 12.257) and a community one (N = 50; 42% male and 58% female; Mage = 38.86, SD = 16.008) filled in the MMQ, to assess its clinical sensitivity. The factorial analysis identified six principal dimensions of the measure: reflexivity, ego-strength, relational attunement, relational discomfort, distrust, and emotional dyscontrol. The MMQ showed satisfactory psychometric properties and a theoretically relevant factor structure. Furthermore, significantly greater impairment in mentalizing was found in the clinical sample in respect of the community one. The findings are discussed in terms of clinical implications, emphasizing the usefulness of the MMQ in both research and clinical practice.

Development of the child’s ego strength scale: An observation-based assessment of the board game behaviors in play therapy in Korea

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for assessing children’s ego strength through the observation of children playing board games in a therapeutic setting. Because ego strength is an index of psychosocial health, it is important to assess ego strength in childhood. In particular, children aged 7 to 9 exhibit their ego-strength characteristics in a situation challenged by self-competence due to their latency period. Therapists can identify such ego strength through game behaviors of children aged 7 to 9 in the play therapy setting. Thus, it is needed to develop a scale by selecting game play behaviors that grasp ego-strength.Method: Data were collected from 127 play therapists and play therapist-supervisors, who observed 468 play therapy sessions and 55 children aged 7-9 who received play therapy in Korea. The scale was created through content validity verification, factor analysis and verification of criterion-related validity. Results: We generated a Child’s Ego Strength Scale (CESS) consisting of five sub-factors (Coping Strategy, Cognitive Strategy, Ego Restriction, Interpersonal Functioning, Frustration Tolerance) through exploratory factor analysis. The scale met the goodness of fit criteria in a confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis of therapy sessions of children with strong and weak ego strength, as identified by play therapists, showed a significant difference between the two groups in all five sub-variables. There was a significant correlation between the CESS scores and scores of ego strength-related variables of the Rorschach scale, indicating good criterion-related validity. Conclusion: The CESS appears to be a practical method for the assessment of ego strength in the field of child counseling.