Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is time-dependently expressed in distinct cell types during skin wound healing in mice

Wound healing is a complex process involving the interaction of many cell types with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fetal skin wound healing differs from that in the adult in that it occurs rapidly and without scar formation. The mechanisms underlying these differing processes may be related to the fetal environment, the stage of differentiation of the fetal cells or the ECM deposited in the wound. The spatial and temporal distribution of two components of the ECM, fibronectin and tenascin, were studied by immunostaining of cryosections from trunk wounds of fetal and adult sheep. Epithelialisation was complete earlier in the fetal wound than in the adult. The distribution of fibronectin was similar in fetal and adult wounds but tenascin was present earlier in the fetal wound. Fibronectin has several roles in wound healing including acting as a substratum for cell migration and as a mediator of cell adhesion through cell surface integrins. The attachment of fibroblasts to fibronectin is inhibited by tenascin and during development the appearance of tenascin in the ECM of migratory pathways correlates with the initiation of cell migration. Similarly, the appearance of tenascin in healing wounds may initiate cell migration. Tenascin was present in these wounds prior to cell migration and the rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds may be due to the early appearance of tenascin in the wound.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells-exosomes: a promising cell-free therapeutic tool for wound healing and cutaneous regeneration

Burns & Trauma ◽

10.1186/s41038-019-0178-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Peng Hu ◽

Qinxin Yang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Chenshuo Shi ◽

Dali Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

New Research

Abstact Cutaneous regeneration at the wound site involves several intricate and dynamic processes which require a series of coordinated interactions implicating various cell types, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), nerves, and blood vessels. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) take part in all the skin wound healing stages playing active and beneficial roles in animal models and humans. Exosomes, which are among the key products MSCs release, mimic the effects of parental MSCs. They can shuttle various effector proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to modulate the activity of recipient cells, playing important roles in wound healing. Moreover, using exosomes avoids many risks associated with cell transplantation. Therefore, as a novel type of cell-free therapy, MSC-exosome -mediated administration may be safer and more efficient than whole cell. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the latest studies and observations on the role of MSC-exosome therapy in wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. In addition, we address the hypothesis of MSCs microenvironment extracellular vesicles (MSCs-MEVs) or MSCs microenvironment exosomes (MSCs-MExos) that need to take stock of and solved urgently in the related research about MSC-exosomes therapeutic applications. This review can inspire investigators to explore new research directions of MSC-exosome therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration.

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Toward understanding scarless skin wound healing and pathological scarring

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.18293.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 787 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sanna-Maria Karppinen ◽

Ritva Heljasvaara ◽

Donald Gullberg ◽

Kaisa Tasanen ◽

Taina Pihlajaniemi

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Skin Wounds ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Acute Wound

The efficient healing of skin wounds is crucial for securing the vital barrier function of the skin, but pathological wound healing and scar formation are major medical problems causing both physiological and psychological challenges for patients. A number of tightly coordinated regenerative responses, including haemostasis, the migration of various cell types into the wound, inflammation, angiogenesis, and the formation of the extracellular matrix, are involved in the healing process. In this article, we summarise the central mechanisms and processes in excessive scarring and acute wound healing, which can lead to the formation of keloids or hypertrophic scars, the two types of fibrotic scars caused by burns or other traumas resulting in significant functional or aesthetic disadvantages. In addition, we discuss recent developments related to the functions of activated fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix and mechanical forces in the wound environment as well as the mechanisms of scarless wound healing. Understanding the different mechanisms of wound healing is pivotal for developing new therapies to prevent the fibrotic scarring of large skin wounds.

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Targeted inhibition of endothelial calpain delays wound healing by reducing inflammation and angiogenesis

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-020-02737-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Chenlong Yi ◽

Weihua Wu ◽

Dong Zheng ◽

Guangying Peng ◽

Haoyue Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Cellular Adhesion ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Regulatory Subunit ◽

Skin Wound Healing

AbstractWound healing is a multistep phenomenon that relies on complex interactions between various cell types. Calpains are a well-known family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate several processes, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. CAPNS1, the common regulatory subunit of Calpain-1 and 2, is indispensable for catalytic subunit stabilization and activity. Calpain inhibition has been shown to reduce organ damage in various disease models. Here, we report that endothelial calpain-1/2 is crucially involved in skin wound healing. Using a mouse genetic model where Capns1 is deleted only in endothelial cells, we showed that calpain-1/2 disruption is associated with reduced injury-activated inflammation, reduced CD31+ blood vessel density, and delayed wound healing. Moreover, in cultured HUVECs, inhibition of calpain reduced TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Deletion of Capns1 was associated with elevated levels of IκB and downregulation of β-catenin expression in endothelial cells. These observations delineate a novel mechanistic role for calpain in the crosstalk between inflammation and angiogenesis during skin repair.

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B2 agonist (Salbutamol) modulate skin wound healing processes

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Fahim M. Mahmood ◽

Hayder B. Sahib ◽

Khalid W. Qassim

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Control Group ◽

Related Factors ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Wound Model ◽

Numerous Cell

Wound healing is a complex physiological and dynamic process required the coordination of numerous cell types and biological processes to regenerate damaged tissue and initiate repair which is dependent on a number of inter-related factors. This study was aimed to demonstrate whether the ?2 receptor has role in wound healing and angiogenesis. A murine wild-type (in vivo), excisional skin wound model was done to demonstrate that activation of ?2AR delay wound repair, twenty-four male albino mice were used to investigate the effect of the drug on experimental wound healing grossly, histo-pathologically and immune-histochemically compared with vehicle-only controls. The results showed that the rate of wound healing was significantly slower in salbutamol group than in control group (P

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The Bigger Picture: Why Oral Mucosa Heals Better Than Skin

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11081165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1165

Author(s):

Maaike Waasdorp ◽

Bastiaan P. Krom ◽

Floris J. Bikker ◽

Paul P. M. van Zuijlen ◽

Frank B. Niessen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Tissue Integrity ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Single Cell Type ◽

Oral Wound Healing

Wound healing is an essential process to restore tissue integrity after trauma. Large skin wounds such as burns often heal with hypertrophic scarring and contractures, resulting in disfigurements and reduced joint mobility. Such adverse healing outcomes are less common in the oral mucosa, which generally heals faster compared to skin. Several studies have identified differences between oral and skin wound healing. Most of these studies however focus only on a single stage of wound healing or a single cell type. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of wound healing in skin versus oral mucosa during all stages of wound healing and including all cell types and molecules involved in the process and also taking into account environmental specific factors such as exposure to saliva and the microbiome. Next to intrinsic properties of resident cells and differential expression of cytokines and growth factors, multiple external factors have been identified that contribute to oral wound healing. It can be concluded that faster wound closure, the presence of saliva, a more rapid immune response, and increased extracellular matrix remodeling all contribute to the superior wound healing and reduced scar formation in oral mucosa, compared to skin.

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Regenerative Skin Wound Healing in Mammals: State-of-the-Art on Growth Factor and Stem Cell Based Treatments

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000374049 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Bizunesh M. Borena ◽

Ann Martens ◽

Sarah Y. Broeckx ◽

Evelyne Meyer ◽

Koen Chiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Wound Management ◽

Skin Wound Healing

Mammal skin has a crucial function in several life-preserving processes such as hydration, protection against chemicals and pathogens, initialization of vitamin D synthesis, excretion and heat regulation. Severe damage of the skin may therefore be life-threatening. Skin wound repair is a multiphased, yet well-orchestrated process including the interaction of various cell types, growth factors and cytokines aiming at closure of the skin and preferably resulting in tissue repair. Regardless various therapeutic modalities targeting at enhancing wound healing, the development of novel approaches for this pathology remains a clinical challenge. The time-consuming conservative wound management is mainly restricted to wound repair rather than restitution of the tissue integrity (the so-called “restitutio ad integrum”). Therefore, there is a continued search towards more efficacious wound therapies to reduce health care burden, provide patients with long-term relief and ultimately scarless wound healing. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of skin wound regenerative therapies provide encouraging results, but more protracted studies will have to determine whether the effect of observed effects are clinically significant and whether regeneration rather than repair can be achieved. For all the aforementioned reasons, this article reviews the emerging field of regenerative skin wound healing in mammals with particular emphasis on growth factor- and stem cell-based therapies.

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