Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is one of the major diseases of modern times. However, the explanation for its pathophysiology is recent and has not yet been fully elucidated. White adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes adipokines that affect several pathologies related to obesity. Excessive growth of this tissue results in increased levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines and a consequent decrease in anti-inflammatory adipokines. Nevertheless, most studies use moderate intensity training, limiting the understanding of high intensity interval training in these proteins. Objective To verify the latest information on the effects of HIIT in improving the profile of circulating adipokines. Methods A search was performed on the databases PUBMED, Lilacs, HighWire, BVS and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with the following keywords: HIIT adipokines, HIIT leptin, HIIT adiponectin. Eleven studies were selected, published in English and Portuguese between 2013 and 2017. Results HIIT proved to be effective in increasing adiponectin in the adolescent population and in Olympic athletes, but this depended on a good prescription parameter and exercise intensity. However, maximum or supramaximal intensities were superior to low and moderate intensities. In turn, leptin presented a significant decrease in response to HIIT due to the reduction of adipose tissue, demonstrating a directly proportional relation. Other adipokines, such as omentin-1 and interleukin-10, also responded positively to HIIT, resulting in improved anti-inflammatory status. Conclusion HIIT proved to be an efficient method to reduce inflammation due to obesity, as well as inducing an improvement in sports performance. However, the effects depend on training volume, intensity and prescription method. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic study–Investigating the results of treatment.

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High intensity interval training improves liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity

Molecular Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 903-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Katarina Marcinko ◽

Sarah R. Sikkema ◽

M. Constantine Samaan ◽

Bruce E. Kemp ◽

Morgan D. Fullerton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

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High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (2) ◽

pp. E243-E256 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rachel A. H. Davis ◽

Jacob E. Halbrooks ◽

Emily E. Watkins ◽

Gordon Fisher ◽

Gary R. Hunter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups ( n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis ( Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.

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