Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of two defining sulci of the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex of the human brain: the sulcus diagonalis and the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure

Abstract The horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral fissure (half) is a characteristic sulcus of the ventrolateral frontal cortex that forms the morphological boundary between the pars triangularis and the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The present study examined the morphology of this sulcus to provide a means of identifying it accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxels within the half were labeled in 50 in vivo MRI volumes (1.5 T) that had been linearly registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute stereotaxic space and the morphology of the half was categorized based on relations with neighboring sulci. The spatial variability and extent of the half were then quantified across subjects using volumetric (MINC Toolkit) and surface (FreeSurfer) spatial probability maps. The half could be identified in 95% of hemispheres, and the main morphological patterns were classified into three categories: Types I, II, and III. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric differences in the frequency of the half or its morphological patterns. Understanding the details of the sulcal morphology of this ventrolateral region is critical for an accurate interpretation of the location of activation peaks generated in functional neuroimaging studies investigating language, working memory, and other cognitive processes.

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Morphology and spatial probability maps of two sulci of the human ventrolateral frontal cortex: the triangular sulcus and the horizontal ramus of the lateral fissure

10.26226/morressier.5b31ec482afeeb001345b72e ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Trisanna Sprung-Much ◽

Kristina Drudik

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Spatial Probability ◽

Probability Maps ◽

Horizontal Ramus

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DNA isolation protocol effects on nuclear DNA analysis by microarrays, droplet digital PCR, and whole genome sequencing, and on mitochondrial DNA copy number estimation

10.1101/151126 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth Nacheva ◽

Katya Mokretar ◽

Aynur Soenmez ◽

Alan M Pittman ◽

Colin Grace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substantia Nigra ◽

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Copy Number ◽

Dna Isolation ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Droplet Digital Pcr ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Salting Out

AbstractPotential bias introduced during DNA isolation is inadequately explored, although it could have significant impact on downstream analysis. To investigate this in human brain, we isolated DNA from cerebellum and frontal cortex using spin columns under different conditions, and salting-out. We first analysed DNA using array CGH, which revealed a striking wave pattern suggesting primarily GC-rich cerebellar losses, even against matched frontal cortex DNA, with a similar pattern on a SNP array. The aCGH changes varied with the isolation protocol. Droplet digital PCR of two genes also showed protocol-dependent losses. Whole genome sequencing showed GC-dependent variation in coverage with spin column isolation from cerebellum. We also extracted and sequenced DNA from substantia nigra using salting-out and phenol / chloroform. The mtDNA copy number, assessed by reads mapping to the mitochondrial genome, was higher in substantia nigra when using phenol / chloroform. We thus provide evidence for significant method-dependent bias in DNA isolation from human brain, as reported in rat tissues. This may contribute to array “waves”, and could affect copy number determination, particularly if mosaicism is being sought, and sequencing coverage. Variations in isolation protocol may also affect apparent mtDNA abundance.

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Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Its Receptor in Human Brain: Distribution of Expression, Functional Implications, Age Related Changes & Species Specific Characteristics

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.32598/bcn.2021.2554.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tulika Gupta ◽

◽

Mandeep Kaur ◽

Devendra Shekhawat ◽

Ritu Aggarwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Brain Mapping ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Western Blot Method ◽

Age Related ◽

Immuno Histochemistry ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Emerging evidence has shown that the Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist can be used for treating Alzheimer’s disease, but knowledge of its neural targets is limited. To understand the neural substrates of GLP-1, we have done whole brain mapping for GLP-1 and its receptor (GLP-1R), in 30 human brains. GLP-1 expression was studied by immuno-histochemistry and confirmed by western blot method. GLP-1R gene expression was studied by RT-PCR. GLP-1 expression was seen in most of the cortical areas (maximum in frontal, prefrontal & parietal cortex), diencephalon and brainstem, but not in cerebellum. Protein expression studies validated these results. Highest expression of GLP-1R was found in the frontal cortex. The orbito-frontal cortex and cerebellum had negligible expression. Hippocampus demonstrated significant presence of GLP-1R but patchy immunoreactivity to GLP-1. GLP-1R presence in most of the human cortical regions and absence in cerebellum is the major deviation from the animal brain. Sites which might be of interest in Alzheimer’s have been identified. GLP-1 demonstrated age related decline in most of the areas after 5thdecade. At 60yrs GLP-1 was not found in any of the cortical areas except in the prefrontal cortex but it was present in the sub-cortical areas. Age related profiling of GLP-1 in various brain areas has been analysed, which can have important bearing on understanding the Alzheimer’s. This study provides detailed description of GLP-1 and GLP-1R locations by complete human brain mapping for the first time and may lead to novel treatment options targeting the GLP-1 receptors.

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Human brain harbors single nucleotide somatic variations in functionally relevant genes possibly mediated by oxidative stress

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.9495.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 2520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anchal Sharma ◽

Asgar Hussain Ansari ◽

Renu Kumari ◽

Rajesh Pandey ◽

Rakhshinda Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Somatic Variation ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Normal Human Brain ◽

Normal Human ◽

The Brain

Somatic variation in DNA can cause cells to deviate from the preordained genomic path in both disease and healthy conditions. Here, using exome sequencing of paired tissue samples, we show that the normal human brain harbors somatic single base variations measuring up to 0.48% of the total variations. Interestingly, about 64% of these somatic variations in the brain are expected to lead to non-synonymous changes, and as much as 87% of these represent G:C>T:A transversion events. Further, the transversion events in the brain were mostly found in the frontal cortex, whereas the corpus callosum from the same individuals harbors the reference genotype. We found a significantly higher amount of 8-OHdG (oxidative stress marker) in the frontal cortex compared to the corpus callosum of the same subjects (p<0.01), correlating with the higher G:C>T:A transversions in the cortex. We found significant enrichment for axon guidance and related pathways for genes harbouring somatic variations. This could represent either a directed selection of genetic variations in these pathways or increased susceptibility of some loci towards oxidative stress. This study highlights that oxidative stress possibly influence single nucleotide somatic variations in normal human brain.

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OC-0303 Using spatial probability maps to highlight potential inaccuracies in deep learning based contours

Radiotherapy and Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06850-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. S210-S211

Author(s):

W. Verbakel ◽

W. van Rooij ◽

B. Slotman ◽

M. Dahele

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Spatial Probability ◽

Probability Maps

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Measurement of Projections Between Dentate Nucleus and Contralateral Frontal Cortex in Human Brain Via Diffusion Tensor Tractography

The Cerebellum ◽

10.1007/s12311-019-01035-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 761-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qing Ji ◽

Angela Edwards ◽

John O. Glass ◽

Tara M. Brinkman ◽

Zoltan Patay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Dentate Nucleus ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Diffusion Tensor Tractography

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Characterization of two splice variants of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 isolated from human brain

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00597.2005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (2) ◽

pp. C795-C806 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Robert D. Huber ◽

Bo Gao ◽

Marguerite-Anne Sidler Pfändler ◽

Wenting Zhang-Fu ◽

Simone Leuthold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Choroid Plexus ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Organic Anion ◽

Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽

Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide ◽

Human Frontal Cortex ◽

Choroid Plexus Epithelial

In the present study we isolated two splice variants of organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1_v1 and OATP3A1_v2) from human brain. OATP3A1_v2 lacks 18 amino acids (aa) at the COOH-terminal end (692 aa) but is otherwise similar in sequence to OATP3A1_v1 (710 aa). OATP3A1_v1 exhibits a wide tissue distribution, with expression in testis, various brain regions, heart, lung, spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, and thyroid gland, whereas OATP3A1_v2 is predominantly expressed in testis and brain. On the cellular and subcellular levels OATP3A1_v1 could be immunolocalized in testicular germ cells, the basolateral plasma membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells, and neuroglial cells of the gray matter of human frontal cortex. Immunolocalization of OATP3A1_v2 included Sertoli cells in testis, apical and/or subapical membranes in choroid plexus epithelial cells, and neurons (cell bodies and axons) of the gray and white matter of human frontal cortex. The rodent ortholog Oatp3a1 was also widely distributed in rat brain, and its localization included somatoneurons as well as astroglial cells. Transport studies in cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes and in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary FlpIn cells revealed a similar broad substrate specificity for both splice variants. Transported substrates include prostaglandin (PG)E1 and PGE2, thyroxine, and the cyclic oligopeptides BQ-123 (endothelin receptor antagonist) and vasopressin. These studies provide further evidence for the involvement of OATPs in oligopeptide transport. They specifically suggest that OATP3A1 variants might be involved in the regulation of extracellular vasopressin concentration in human brain and thus might influence the neuromodulation of neurotransmission by cerebral neuropeptides such as vasopressin.

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