Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic test, light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction during mass survey conducted in low and high malaria-endemic areas from two North-Eastern states of India

Abstract: Malaria is still a public health problem worldwide, especially in economically underdeveloped and undeveloped countries. There are several laboratory diagnostic tests for malaria inter alia microscopic examination (thick and thin stained blood smear), rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study was aimed to compare the effectivity of RDT with of microscopic examination as the gold standard of malaria diagnosis. This was a diagnostic test study. Blood samples were obtained from 38 people of clinical malaria who lived at Likupang Barat from October 2015 to January 2016. The RDT results were compared with the microscopic examination to obtain the sensitivity and specifity levels. The results showed that of the RDT, the sensitivity was 67%, the specifity was 97%, the positive predictive value was 67%, and the negative predictive value was 97%. Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic test was nearly as effective as the microscopic examination of malaria.Keywords: RDT, microscopic examination, sensitivity, specificityAbstrak: Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia terutama di negara yang secara ekonomis masih tertinggal dan belum berkembang. Diagnosis laboratorik malaria dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara antara lain pemeriksaan mikroskopik yaitu hapusan darah tebal dan hapusan darah tipis, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), dan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat efektifitas antara RDT dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik yang merupakan baku emas diagnostik malaria. Jenis penelitian ialah uji diagnostik. Sampel darah diambil dari 38 orang dengan klinis malaria di Likupang Barat sejak Oktober 2015 - Januari 2016. Hasil pemeriksaan RDT dibandingkan dengan hasil pemeriksaan mikrsokopik untuk mengetahui tingkat sensivitas dan spesifisitasnya. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tingkat sensivitas RDT secara umum sebesar 67%, spesifitas sebesar 97%, nilai duga positif sebesar 67%, dan nilai duga negatif sebesar 97%. Simpulan: Pemeriksaan RDT menunjukkan efektivitas dan akurasi yang hampir sama dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik.Kata kunci: RDT, pemeriksaan mikroskopis, sensitivitas, spesifitas

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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as quality assurance tools for Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) malaria diagnosis in Northern Namibia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0206848 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0206848 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Munyaradzi Tambo ◽

Mary Mwinga ◽

Davis R. Mumbengegwi

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Malaria Diagnosis ◽

Isothermal Amplification ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Malaria Surveillance in the Anak Dalam Tribe, Jambi, Indonesia

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.26553/jikm.2021.12.2.104-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 104-116

Author(s):

Ade Suryaman ◽

Chairil Anwar ◽

Dwi Handayani ◽

Irsan Saleh ◽

Dalillah Dalillah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Asymptomatic Malaria ◽

Patient Identification ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

Transmission of malaria is common in countries with tropical and subtropical. In several cases, malaria presents in the sufferer especially in individuals that have never received treatment shortly. As the early phase of patient identification, screening is important as an effort to eradicate malaria, in addition to the gold standard which currently used, other diagnostic tools are needed to conduct a malaria incidence survey to obtain comparative data using 3 diagnostic tools, goal standard checks, which are currently unable to detect asymptomatic malaria. This study aims to compare three standard diagnostic test (Rapid Diagnostic Test, Giemsa, and Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the measurement of malaria prevalence within the Anak Dalam Tribe community in Jambi, Indonesia. This descriptive research with a survey design was conducted on 99 persons in Anak Dalam Tribe. It was discovered that majority of the respondents were the adult age category (52.5%),were female (50.5%). The prevalence of this infectious disease as detected by Rapid Diagnostic Test, microscopy, and Nested Polymeras Chain Reaction examination were 3%, 5% and 35.3% respectively. Non-Plasmodium falciparum was detected by examining samples with Rapid Diagnostic Test, on microscope, P. vivax and P. falciparum were found, while on Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction, two bands at 120bp and 205bp showed P. vivax and P. falciparum respectively. Nested Polymeras Chain Reaction is more sensitive to detected asymptomatic malaria, however, Rapid Diagnostic Test and Giemsa sensitive with parasitemia threshold.

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A COMPARISON OF RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST AND MODIFIED ZIEHL-NEELSEN METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS.

Caliphate Medical Journal ◽

10.47837/cmj.202192.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 539-542

Author(s):

Dahal AS ◽

Daha AS ◽

Okolo OM ◽

Onyedibe IK ◽

Cosmas TN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Strip Test

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum as a leading cause of persistent diarrhoea in developing countries causes a more severe illness in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The intermittent shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in stool, even in patients with massive diarrhoea, makes diagnosis difficult. This study evaluated the validity of Crypto-Strip test in comparison to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as gold standard. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study of 100 HIV positive patients with diarrhoea at a tertiary health facility in Jos, Nigeria. We collected 15mls of stool sample and relevant information from patients who gave informed consent. The oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum were identified in the stool samples using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Rapid diagnostic test (Crypto-Strip). We also ran all samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was with statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Out of the 100 stool samples analysed, 13 (13%) were positive for cryptosporidiosis by PCR. Crypto- Strips recorded 12 (12%) positive with one (1) being false negative as compared to PCR. Conversely, eight (8%) of the 100 samples collected were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl Neelsen (mZN) stain. Out of the eight positives by mZN stain, two were false positive as both tested negative by the PCR. The Crypto-Strip test kit had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 100.0% and also positive and negative predictive values of 100.0% and 98.9%, respectively. Whereas, the modified Ziehl Neelsen stain had a sensitivity of 46.2% and a specificity of 97.7% with a positive and negative predictive value of 75.0% and 92.4%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we have shown that Crypto-Strip test was a better diagnostic method for the diagnosis of crypto

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