Risk of COVID-19 Infection Among Medical Recorders: a Descriptive Study in Central Java Province

Covid infection risks among non-medical staff in healthcare facilities may not be as high as physicians and nurses. However, healthcare facilities should understand infection risk among non-medical staff who works during the pandemic. This study describes several factors associated with Covid-19 infection among medical recorders. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach observed 124 medical record officers in Central Java Province from January to June 2021. This study measured socio-demographic factors, job characteristics, infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts, and Covid-19 infection through an online questionnaire with Kobotoolbox. Data analyze performed in descriptive and bivariate analysis. Most respondents said personal protective equipment (PPE) availability was adequate and had received IPC training. Socio-demographic factors, PPE availability, IPC training, and occupation were significantly unrelated to covid 19 infections. Having infected co-workers was related to covid 19 transmissions. Covid-19 cases proportion mostly in respondents who work in type C and D hospitals, never or rarely available PPE, received IPC training, worked <7 hours/day, and medical record staff. Healthcare facilities should pay more attention to PPE availability and other infection prevention and control for medical recorder staff. Further research should assess the contact history of workers with positive covid 19 both in or outside their workplace and their activities outside their workplace, PPE use compliance, and IPC training time.

Who Have a Higher Risk of Falling Into Catastrophic Health Expenditures?

Catastrophic health expenditure is one of the challenges Indonesia faces in achieving Universal Health Coverage. Aside from being a financial disaster, the incident caused by out-of-pocket health expenditure exceeding a fixed limit can drive people into poverty. Unfortunately, the availability of the data causes the limitation of the study in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the association between catastrophic health expenditure and several social-economic factors by using the latest data of out-of-pocket expenditure collected at the individual level from the 2019 Susenas Module of Health and Housing. Using the Chi-square test, this study confirms a significant association between catastrophic health expenditures and the following social-economic factors: outpatient and inpatient service use, health insurance ownership, age, sex, marital status, educational level, work status, welfare status, type of area, and geographic location. From the logistic regression, the probability of the population to experience catastrophic health expenditure is higher for people in the following categories: use inpatient or outpatient services, do not have health insurance, are elderly, ever-married, not working, not poor, and live in the rural areas or Java island. Disaggregation by outpatient and inpatient service use shows the large gap in the probability of falling into catastrophic health expenditures. The probability for people who used inpatient service is more than four times people who never used the service. Meanwhile, for outpatient service, the probability is almost three times. Therefore, people can strengthen preventive care, especially those with low or no cost, to avoid falling into catastrophic health expenditure.

Effectiveness of Pregnancy Exercise With Kinesio Taping on Lower Back Pain in Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester

Lower back pain is common for pregnant women. The back pain was caused by the shift of the center of gravity towards the front as the uterus enlarges. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping on low back pain in pregnant mother at third trimester.The study used a quasi-experimental method and it was conducted in a rural area under the coverage area of a puskesmas in Kebumen District. The population in this study wasl pregnant women in the area with a total of 247 pregnant women. This study involved 36 pregnant women in the third trimester selected using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of primiparous and multiparous, 28-36 weeks of gestation, experiencing low back pain, and no history of comorbidities and complications during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping had a significant effect on reducing low back pain in pregnant mother in the third trimester indicated by a P-value of 0.001.Pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping can reduce low back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester.

Differences in Hematological Parameters and Nutritional Intake Based on Environmental Condition in the Islam Boarding Schools

Anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are indirectly caused by environmental factors. However, there are currently no studies on the differences in hematological parameters of anemia and nutritional intake in adequate and inadequate environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in hematological parameters and nutritional intake of female students based on the environmental conditions of the Islamic boarding schools. It was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 167 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya, West Java were recruited. Anemia was assessed by determining hemoglobin (Hb) levels, hematocrit (Ht) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH,) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC). Environmental conditions of the boarding schools observed were the kitchen, bedrooms, toilet/bathrooms, and the outside environment (trash bins and handwashing stations). The study found that there is no difference in the hematological values (Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDWCV) of students with adequate and inadequate environmental conditions. Students who lived in inadequate environment had higher intake of iron (p<0.005), protein (p<0.005), and vitamin C (p<0.005) than those who lived in adequate environment. However, the nutritional intake of adolescent girls in Islamic boarding schools was considerably lower than Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Thus, no significant difference in hematological levels, which are indicators of anemia and IDA, could be found. Hence, to protect against anemia and IDA, adolescent girls should increase the quality and quantity of their nutritional intake, particularly iron, protein, and vitamin C.

Effect of Parity on Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia

The neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high (15 per 1,000 live births). The number of children born to a woman (parity) is also still high. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is 2.4 per woman. This study aims to determine the effect of parity on neonatal deaths in Indonesia. We used 2017 IDHS data with a cross-sectional design includes 14,827 live births in the 2012-2017 period. Data were analyzed using the multiple logistic regressions method. The results showed that primipara had a statistically insignificant relationship (p-value > 0.05) compared with multipara. While parity≥4 had a risk of 1.90 times experienced on neonatal mortality compared with multipara (95% CI:1,00-3,63) after being controlled by the maternal age, birth attendant, and place of delivery and statistically significant (p-value≤0,05). Thus, parity ≥4 was significantly associated with neonatal mortality. The more children born to mothers, the higher the risk of neonatal death. While parity 1 did not have a significant relationship with neonatal mortality. It is recommended that family planning programs be increased to reduce parity to avoid the risk of neonatal death. The BKKBN program should be improved in reducing TFR.

Analysis of COVID-19 Prevention Practices on Health Care Workers in Three Hospitals in Palembang

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global concern. In this case, Health Care Workers (HCW) are at the front lines in dealing with the pandemic as they provide diagnosis, care, and treatment. However, their duties have directly placed them at the most at risk of infection. Mitigation and risk reduction are crucial for safeguarding HCWs' health as it prevents the spread of COVID-19. This research aimed to find out the practice of COVID-19 prevention and the correlation among practice and knowledge, attitudes, and personality traits of HCW in Palembang. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2021 on 255 HCW who have direct contact with patients. The number of respondents per hospital is taken proportionally according to the portion of HCW in each selected hospital. The instrument consisted of demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. It proves that it is reliable with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.7. The researchers used descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression. Overall, 65.2% of participants had good knowledge, 60% had a positive attitude, and 53.3% had good practice. Education (p-value 0.022) and attitude (p-value 0.000) of HCW were all influencing factor in practice. HCW who have a negative attitude are 5.413 times more to have bad practices than those who have a positive attitude (p-value<0.001;PR=5.413). However, training for HCW and further research are recommended to analyze the availability of personal protective equipment, adequate facilities, hospital policies, or other factors that can influence and motivate the practice of HCW.

Psychosocial Aspect in the Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines (Systematic Review)

COVID-19 vaccine can protect the public and suppress COVID-19 cases. But there are still many people who refuse to be vaccinated. The study aims to analyze the psychosocial aspects in the Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines. This study is a systematic review with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses). The database used to search data and information is PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The keywords used during the search process are "Determinants" OR "Accepting" AND "Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination". The most psychosocial aspects related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance include education level, income level, race, type of work, trust in the existence of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 information resources, trust in medical and health workers, and having family members or friends who are infected with COVID-19. Education level, income level, and race influence the most in accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 vaccine program should consider and overcome the challenges of receiving and rejecting vaccines from the public by looking at these aspects.

Potential Barriers in Implementing Local-Food-Based Complementary Feeding Practice

Local-food-based complementary feeding (LFBCF) practice may be an important approach in the growth and development of children aged 6 to 24 months. This study aimed to describe potential barriers in implementing local food-based complementary feeding practices among mothers in Banyuasin regency, Indonesia. A qualitative study was conducted by using 24 semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion. Participants were 24 mothers with children aged 6 to 24 months in Banyuasin Regency, Indonesia that recruited purposively. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority of the mothers were 20-30 years old. All participants have implemented LFBCF practice because local food ingredients are easy to find locally at an affordable price. Community cadres assisted village midwives in integrated health post service such as disseminating information concerning local food recipes and facilitating information exchange among mothers regarding complementary feeding practice. Three main emerged themes identified from this study were: mother's knowledge about local food recipes, mother's knowledge about healthy complementary food preparation, child-eating behavior. Improving the nutritional status of children starts with the family by motivating mothers to provide complementary foods, which also requires the support of local cadres.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Personal Hygiene Behaviors with Pathological Leukorrhea in Adolescent Girls at SMK 'Aisyiyah Palembang

Leukorrhea (Vaginal discharge) is one of the reproductive health problems that adolescent girls face. According to research, 75% of women worldwide have experienced leukorrhea. Leukorrhea, alternatively referred to as fluor albus, is a symptom of the female reproductive organs disease that can result in severe complications if left untreated. It is believed that a low level of knowledge, negative attitudes, and bad personal hygiene habits contribute to pathological leukorrhea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene behaviour on pathological leukorrhea in adolescent girls attending the Vocational High School (SMK) 'Aisyiyah Palembang in 2020. This study used an analytical cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling method with 92 respondents. The results indicated a statistical significance between pathological leukorrhea and knowledge (p-value 0.004), attitude (p-value 0.001), and personal hygiene behaviour (p-value 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the bad personal hygiene behaviour variable (p-value 0.018) was the most determinant associated with pathological leukorrhea (PR = 3.305, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI]:1.232-8.868). This study concludes that persistently bad personal hygiene practices may increase the risk of pathological leukorrhea in adolescent girls. Suggestions for young women to reduce their reliance on pantyliners, wear sweat-absorbing underwear, and avoid tight underwear.

Prevalence and Factors Associated to Household Food Insecurity During COVID-19 Outbreak

COVID-19 outbreak added unprecedented threatens to the food system worldwide. The enactment of social restriction regulation by several provinces in Indonesia may give an impact to household food security. Economical access to food might be compromised since the application of work from home policy, particularly for those who earn income from informal sector jobs. This study aims to determine the proportion of household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, identify the associated factors, and the strongest predictor of household food insecurity. This cross-sectional study design was carried out in Java and Sulawesi. A Self-administered Google Form Questionnaire was filled out by 191 women of reproductive age as the household food gatekeeper. Household food insecurity was evaluated using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Questionnaire by FAO that consisted of eight gradual questions. Data analysis was performed using statistical software for univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (logistic regression). The proportion of food insecurity in the study was 29.8%, encompassed 19.9% mild food insecure, 7.3% moderate food insecure, and 2.6% severe food insecure. Food insecurity was significantly associated with place of residence, family income, and education. Living in urban areas was among the robust predictor of household food insecurity (OR 5.59, CI 95%), meaning living in urban was a risk factor of household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban living was highly dependent on routine salary since they might not occupy with some sort of alternative source for income like in the rural areas, however, there was income reduction during the crisis. Food insecurity might be a sting in the tail of the COVID-19 pandemic, food policy regarding this matter is urgently required.