Doppler radar sounding of volcanic eruption dynamics at Mount Etna

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dubosclard ◽  
F. Donnadieu ◽  
P. Allard ◽  
R. Cordesses ◽  
C. Hervier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Eruption Dynamics

LONG-TERM HYDROACOUSTIC AND VIDEO INVESTIGATIONS OF SUBMARINE VOLCANIC ERUPTION DYNAMICS AT NW ROTA-1 AND WEST MATA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana J. Cranston ◽  
◽  
Jackie Caplan-Auerbach ◽  
William W. Chadwick ◽  
Robert P. Dziak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Eruption Dynamics

Pulsed Vulcanian explosions: A characterization of eruption dynamics using Doppler radar

Geology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Scharff ◽  
Matthias Hort ◽  
Nick R. Varley
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Eruption Dynamics ◽  
Vulcanian Explosions

scholarly journals First testing of a volcano Doppler radar (Voldorad) at Mount Etna, Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 3389-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dubosclard ◽  
R. Cordesses ◽  
P. Allard ◽  
C. Hervier ◽  
M. Coltelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Mount Etna

scholarly journals Supercomputer modeling of volcanic eruption dynamics

10.2172/82530 ◽  
1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Kieffer ◽  
G.A. Valentine ◽  
Mahn-Ling Woo
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Eruption Dynamics

Ecphrasis and the Politics of Time in Pythian 1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fearn
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Control Time ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Greek World

This chapter offers a new interpretation of the elaborate opening frame of Pindar’s Pythian 1 within the broader encomiastic strategies of this poem. In it the ecphrastic and hymnic qualities of this opening are discussed, and especially its use of the volcanic eruption of Mount Etna. The poem’s treatments of the following are revealed: the interrelation between myth and history; divine and mortal time; the nature and extent of the divide between divine and mortal realms; and the prospects for encomiastic memorialization within these parameters. The poem provides a self-reflexive commentary on itself and its prospects, as a ruptured array of heroic and divine myth and human historicity, sociopolitical agency, and totalitarian attempts to control time. It is aimed not only at Hieron and Sicily, but also at others across the Greek world. This complex reception is prefigured in visual, ecphrastic terms.

scholarly journals Synergistic use of Lagrangian dispersion and radiative transfer modelling with satellite and surface remote sensing measurements for the investigation of volcanic plumes: the Mount Etna eruption of 25–27 October 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 6841-6861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sellitto ◽  
Alcide di Sarra ◽  
Stefano Corradini ◽  
Marie Boichu ◽  
Hervé Herbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lagrangian Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this paper we combine SO2 and ash plume dispersion modelling with satellite and surface remote sensing observations to study the regional influence of a relatively weak volcanic eruption from Mount Etna on the optical and micro-physical properties of Mediterranean aerosols. We analyse the Mount Etna eruption episode of 25–27 October 2013. The evolution of the plume along the trajectory is investigated by means of the FLEXible PARTicle Lagrangian dispersion (FLEXPART) model. The satellite data set includes true colour images, retrieved values of volcanic SO2 and ash, estimates of SO2 and ash emission rates derived from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations and estimates of cloud top pressure from SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager). Surface remote sensing measurements of aerosol and SO2 made at the ENEA Station for Climate Observations (35.52° N, 12.63° E; 50 m a.s.l.) on the island of Lampedusa are used in the analysis. The combination of these different data sets suggests that SO2 and ash, despite the initial injection at about 7.0 km altitude, reached altitudes around 10–12 km and influenced the column average aerosol particle size distribution at a distance of more than 350 km downwind. This study indicates that even a relatively weak volcanic eruption may produce an observable effect on the aerosol properties at the regional scale. The impact of secondary sulfate particles on the aerosol size distribution at Lampedusa is discussed and estimates of the clear-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing are derived. Daily shortwave radiative forcing efficiencies, i.e. radiative forcing per unit AOD (aerosol optical depth), are calculated with the LibRadtran model. They are estimated between −39 and −48 W m−2 AOD−1 at the top of the atmosphere and between −66 and −49 W m−2 AOD−1 at the surface, with the variability in the estimates mainly depending on the aerosol single scattering albedo. These results suggest that sulfate particles played a large role in the transported plume composition and radiative forcing, while the contribution by ash particles was small in the volcanic plume arriving at Lampedusa during this event.

scholarly journals Effects of Variable Eruption Source Parameters on Volcanic Plume Transport: Example of the 23 November 2013 Paroxysm of Etna

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4037
Author(s):  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
Franck Donnadieu ◽  
Salvatore Magazu ◽  
Giorgio Passerini ◽  
Giuseppe Castorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
North East ◽  
Joint Approach ◽  
Plume Transport

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effects of variable eruption source parameters on volcanic plume transport in the Mediterranean basin after the paroxysm of Mount Etna on 23 November 2013. This paroxysm was characterized by a north-east transport of ash and gas, caused by a low-pressure system in northern Italy. It is evaluated here in a joint approach considering the WRF-Chem model configured with eruption source parameters (ESPs) obtained elaborating the raw data from the VOLDORAD-2B (V2B) Doppler radar system. This allows the inclusion of the transient and fluctuating nature of the volcanic emissions to accurately model the atmospheric dispersion of ash and gas. Two model configurations were considered: the first with the climax values for the ESP and the second with the time-varying ESP according to the time profiles of the mass eruption rate recorded by the V2B radar. It is demonstrated that the second configuration produces a considerably better comparison with satellite retrievals from different sensors platforms (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite, Meteosat Second-Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). In the context of volcanic ash transport dispersion modeling, our results indicate the need for (i) the use of time-varying ESP, and (ii) a joint approach between an online coupled chemical transport model like WRF-Chem and direct near-source measurements, such as those carried out by the V2B Doppler radar system.

Ku-Band High-Speed Scanning Doppler Radar for Volcanic Eruption Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Masayuki Maki ◽  
Shinobu Takahashi ◽  
Sumiya Okada ◽  
Katsuyuki Imai ◽  
Hiroshi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Doppler Spectrum ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Eruption Column ◽  
Ku Band

This paper presents the major specifications and characteristics of the Ku-band high-speed scanning Doppler radar for volcano observation (KuRAD) introduced to Kagoshima University in March 2017 as well as the results of a test observation at Sakurajima. KuRAD is a Doppler radar for research with a wavelength of approximately 2 cm and uses a 45 cm diameter Luneberg lens antenna as a transmitting and receiving antenna to observe the development of a volcanic eruption column immediately following eruption at a maximum rotation speed of 40 rpm. The maximum transmitter power is 9.6 W and the maximum observational range is 20 km. Observed data includes radar reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity, and Doppler spectrum width. Another feature of KuRAD is an obtained radio station license for observation of a total of seven active volcanos in Kyushu. To assess the basic performance of KuRAD, we carried out test observations of volcanic eruptions at Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan and collected a total of 87 eruptions (20 of which are explosive eruptions and 7 of which had 3,000 m or higher eruptive smoke from vents). From the eruption data of Showa vent on May 2, 2017, it was confirmed that KuRAD could monitor the three-dimensional internal structure of a volcanic eruption column immediately following eruption. Eruption data from Minamidake of Sakurajima on March 5, 2018, showed that KuRAD successfully observed the eruptive smoke reaching a height of 4,000 m, although the eruptive smoke was covered with clouds and could not be detected by optical instruments of the Japan Meteorological Agency.

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