scholarly journals Tackling the muon identification in water Cherenkov detectors problem for the future Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory by means of machine learning

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. González ◽  
R. Conceição ◽  
M. Pimenta ◽  
B. Tomé ◽  
A. Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Cherenkov Detectors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detectors

scholarly journals Muon identification in a compact single-layered water Cherenkov detector and gamma/hadron discrimination using machine learning techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Conceição ◽  
B. S. González ◽  
A. Guillén ◽  
M. Pimenta ◽  
B. Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Cherenkov Detector ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detector ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Wide Field Of View

AbstractThe muon tagging is an essential tool to distinguish between gamma and hadron-induced showers in wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatories. In this work, it is shown that an efficient muon tagging (and counting) can be achieved using a water Cherenkov detector with a reduced water volume and 4 PMTs, provided that the PMT signal spatial and time patterns are interpreted by an analysis based on machine learning (ML). The developed analysis has been tested for different shower and array configurations. The output of the ML analysis, the probability of having a muon in the WCD station, has been used to notably discriminate between gamma and hadron induced showers with $$S/ \sqrt{B} \sim 4$$ S / B ∼ 4 for shower with energies $$E_0 \sim 1\,$$ E 0 ∼ 1 TeV. Finally, for proton-induced showers, an estimator of the number of muons was built by means of the sum of the probabilities of having a muon in the stations. Resolutions about $$20\%$$ 20 % and a negligible bias are obtained for vertical showers with $$N_{\mu } > 10$$ N μ > 10 .

GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY WITH THE HAWC OBSERVATORY

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1460185
Author(s):  
◽  
ROBERT J. LAUER
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The Status ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detectors

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a wide field-of-view gamma-ray detector, sensitive to primary energies between 50 GeV and 100 TeV. The array is being built at an altitude of 4,100 m on the Sierra Negra volcano in Puebla, Mexico. With a duty cycle close to 100% and a daily coverage of ~ 8 sr of the sky above it, HAWC is ideally suited to detect bright transient events at TeV energies such as gamma-ray bursts or flares from active galactic nuclei. The array will provide an unbiased survey of gamma-ray sources at energies above 100 GeV and probe the origins of astrophysical photon emission at the highest energies. The modular design of HAWC made it possible to start data taking in September 2012 with a partial array. Operation continues while the number of water Cherenkov detectors is growing, which allowed a smooth transition to full scientific operation with 111 detectors in August 2013. The completion of the full array with 300 detectors is planned for the summer of 2014. In these proceedings, we will give an overview of the status and performance of the HAWC observatory and discuss observation strategies for various gamma-ray phenomena.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of the R5912 photomultiplier for the LAGO project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Peña Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Photomultiplier Tube ◽  
Cherenkov Detectors ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detectors

We present the results of modeling and simulating the Hamamatsu R5912 photomultiplier tube that is used in most of the sites of the Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO). The model was compared with data of in-operation water Cherenkov detectors (WCD) installed at Bucaramanga-Colombia and Bariloche-Argentina. The LAGO project is an international experiment that spans across Latin America at different altitudes joining more than 35 institutions of 11 countries. It is mainly oriented to basic research on gamma-ray bursts and space weather phenomena. The LAGO network consists of single or small arrays of WCDs composed mainly by a photomultiplier tube and a readout electronics that acquires single-particle or extensive air shower events triggered by the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth atmosphere.

scholarly journals Flares And Flashes: The Future

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vanderspek ◽  
H.W. Duerbeck ◽  
G.J. Fishman ◽  
J. Greiner ◽  
R. Hudec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interesting Task ◽  
Flare Stars

The goal of this round-table discussion is to bring up issues which may be of mutual interest to those working on specific flare and variable stars and those performing wide-field searches for, among other things, counterparts to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Admittedly, however, trying to unify the interests of the flare people and the GRB people will be an interesting task. Many of the presentations this week have been devoted to future instrumentation and future modes of observations, but there have been also interesting discussions of specific questions regarding flare stars, variable stars and GRBs. Certainly, wide-field observations of the night sky will continue for the foreseeable future: there are a lot of instruments running now, and there are many instruments being planned. Most of these observations cover many square degrees of sky for long periods with a reasonable magnitude limit. How could these observations could be modified or improved to also allow useful data on on variable stars or flare stars to be taken? What sort of information, statistics, periodicities could be gleaned from wide-field searches that will be happening in the future and searches that are going on today? Are there methods in common use by one group of observers that may be useful to the other?The speakers in this session have volunteered to give a short presentation on issues which may benefit from discussion within this group.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of the R5912 photomultiplier for the LAGO project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Peña Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Photomultiplier Tube ◽  
Cherenkov Detectors ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detectors

We present the results of modeling and simulating the Hamamatsu R5912 photomultiplier tube that is used in most of the sites of the Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO). The model was compared with data of in-operation water Cherenkov detectors (WCD) installed at Bucaramanga-Colombia and Bariloche-Argentina. The LAGO project is an international experiment that spans across Latin America at different altitudes joining more than 35 institutions of 11 countries. It is mainly oriented to basic research on gamma-ray bursts and space weather phenomena. The LAGO network consists of single or small arrays of WCDs composed mainly by a photomultiplier tube and a readout electronics that acquires single-particle or extensive air shower events triggered by the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth atmosphere.

scholarly journals The LAGO (Large Aperture GRB Observatory) in Peru

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S286) ◽  
pp. 445-447
Author(s):  
E. Tueros-Cuadros ◽  
L. Otiniano ◽  
J. Chirinos ◽  
C. Soncco ◽  
W. Guevara-Day
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Cherenkov Detectors ◽  
Detector Calibration ◽  
Large Aperture ◽  
Water Cherenkov Detectors

AbstractThe Large Aperture GRBs Observatory is a continental-wide observatory devised to detect high energy (around 100 GeV) component of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), by using the single particle technique in arrays of Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) at high mountain sites of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Details of the instalation and operation of the detectors in Marcapomacocha in Peru at 4550 m.a.s.l. are given. The detector calibration method will also be shown.

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