Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 962-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bakan ◽  
M. Betancor ◽  
V. Gayler ◽  
H. Graßl
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
The North ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed for the two periods September 1979 - December 1981 and September 1989 - August 1992 by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits maximum values along the transatlantic flight corridor around 50 °N (of almost 2%) and over western Europe resulting in 0.5% contrail cloudiness on average. A strong yearly cycle appears with a maximum (<2%) in spring and summer over the Atlantic and a smaller maximum (<1%) in winter over southwestern Europe. Comparing the two time periods, which are separated by one decade, shows there is a significant decrease in contrail cloudiness over western Europe and a significant increase over the North Atlantic between March and July. Contrail cloud cover during daytime is about twice as high as during nighttime. Contrails are found preferentially in larger fields of 1000 km diameter which usually last for more than a day. Causes, possible errors and consequences are discussed.

scholarly journals Atmospheric rivers moisture transport from a Lagrangian perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2617-2643
Author(s):  
A. M. Ramos ◽  
R. Nieto ◽  
R. Tomé ◽  
L. Gimeno ◽  
R. M. Trigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. An automated atmospheric rivers (ARs) detection algorithm is used for the North Atlantic Ocean Basin allowing the identification of the major ARs that affected western European coasts between 1979 and 2014 over the winter half-year (October to March). The entire west coast of Europe was divided into five domains, namely, the Iberian Peninsula (9.75° W; 36–43.75° N), France (4.5° W; 43.75–50° N), UK (4.5° W; 50–59° N), southern Scandinavia and the Netherlands (5.25° E; 50–59° N), and northern Scandinavia (5.25° E; 59–70° N). Following the identification of the main ARs that made landfall in western Europe, a Lagrangian analysis was then applied in order to identify the main sources of moisture that reach each domain. The Lagrangian dataset used was obtained from the FLEXPART model global simulation from 1979 to 2012, where the atmosphere was divided into approximately 2.0 million parcels, and it was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. Results show that, in general, for all regions considered, the major climatological source of moisture extends along the subtropical North Atlantic, from the Florida Peninsula (northward of 20° N), to each sink region, with the nearest coast to each sink region always appearing as a local maximum of evaporation. In addition, during the AR events, the Atlantic subtropical source is reinforced and displaced, with a slight northward movement of the moisture sources is found when the sink region is positioned at higher latitudes. In conclusion, the results confirm the advection of moisture linked to ARs from subtropical ocean areas, but also the existence of a tropical one, and the mid-latitude sources further the analysed longitude along the North Atlantic is located eastward.

Spatiotemporal evolution of the chlorophyll a trend in the North Atlantic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yuanling Zhang ◽  
Qi Shu ◽  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

On the uncertainty of future projections of Marine Heatwave events in the North Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2056
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Plecha ◽  
Pedro M. M. Soares ◽  
Susana M. Silva-Fernandes ◽  
William Cabos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Monthly satellite-derived phytoplankton pigment distribution for the North Atlantic Ocean basin

Eos ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (44) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Esaias ◽  
G. C. Feldman ◽  
C. R. McClain ◽  
J. A. Elrod
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigment ◽  
The North ◽  
Pigment Distribution ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals A New Method for Tracking Meddies by Satellite Altimetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ienna ◽  
Young-Heon Jo ◽  
Xiao-Hai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract Subsurface coherent vortices in the North Atlantic, whose saline water originates from the Mediterranean Sea and which are known as Mediterranean eddies (meddies), have been of particular interest to physical oceanographers since their discovery, especially for their salt and heat transport properties into the North Atlantic Ocean. Many studies in the past have been successful in observing and studying the typical properties of meddies by probing them with in situ techniques. The use of remote sensing techniques would offer a much cheaper and easier alternative for studying these phenomena, but only a few past studies have been able to study meddies by remote sensing, and a reliable method for observing them remotely remains elusive. This research presents a new way of locating and tracking meddies in the North Atlantic Ocean using satellite altimeter data. The method presented in this research makes use of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) as a means to isolate the surface expressions of meddies on the ocean surface and separates them from any other surface constituents, allowing robust meddies to be consistently tracked by satellite. One such meddy is successfully tracked over a 6-month time period (2 November 2005 to 17 May 2006). Results of the satellite tracking method are verified using expendable bathythermographs (XBT).

scholarly journals Metal contents of phytoplankton and labile particulate material in the North Atlantic Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 261-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Twining ◽  
Sara Rauschenberg ◽  
Peter L. Morton ◽  
Stefan Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The North Atlantic
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