Extreme temperature return level mapping for northwest Turkey

2014 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. N. Gunawardhana ◽

G. A. Al-Rawas

Keyword(s):

Extreme Temperature ◽

Return Level ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Minimum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum Temperature ◽

Climate Indices ◽

Total Precipitation ◽

Annual Maximum ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract. Changes in frequency and intensity of weather events often result in more frequent and intensive disasters such as flash floods and persistent droughts. In Oman, changes in precipitation and temperature have already been detected, although a comprehensive analysis to determine long-term trends is yet to be conducted. We analysed daily precipitation and temperature records in Muscat, the capital city of Oman, mainly focusing on extremes. A set of climate indices, defined in the RClimDex software package, were derived from the longest available daily series (precipitation over the period 1977–2011 and temperature over the period 1986–2011). Results showed significant changes in temperature extremes associated with cooling. Annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TX), on average, decreased by 1°C (0.42°C/10 year). Similarly, the annual minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TN) decreased by 1.5°C (0.61°C/10 year), which, on average, cooled at a faster rate than the maximum temperature. Consequently, the annual count of days when TX > 45°C (98th percentile) decreased from 8 to 3, by 5 days. Similarly, the annual count of days when TN < 15°C (2nd percentile) increased from 5 to 15, by 10 days. Annual total precipitation averaged over the period 1977–2011 is 81 mm, which shows a tendency toward wetter conditions with a 6 mm/10 year rate. There is also a significant tendency for stronger precipitation extremes according to many indices. The contribution from very wet days to the annual precipitation totals steadily increases with significance at 75% level. When The General Extreme Value (GEV) probability distribution is fitted to annual maximum 1-day precipitation, the return level of a 10-year return period in 1995–2011 was estimated to be 95 mm. This return level in the recent decade is about 70% higher than the return level for the period of 1977–1994. These results indicate that the long-term wetting signal apparent in total precipitation can be attributed largely to the increases in extreme precipitation in recent decades.

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Bayesian Spatial and Trend Analysis on Ozone Extreme Data in South Korea: 1991–2015

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2020/8839455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Cheru Atsmegiorgis Kitabo

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Ozone Concentration ◽

Statistical Models ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Return Level ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Bayesian Kriging ◽

Ozone Data ◽

The World

Background. Extreme events like flooding, extreme temperature, and ozone depletion are happening in every corner of the world. Thus, the need to model such rare events having enormous damage has been getting priorities in most countries of the world. Methods. The dataset contains the ozone data from 29 representative air monitoring sites in South Korea collected from 1991 to 2015. Spatial generalized extreme value (GEV) using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and two max-stable and Bayesian kriging models are the statistical models used for analysis. Moreover, predictive performances of these statistical models are compared using measures like root-mean-squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative bias (rBIAS), and relative mean separation (rMSEP) have been utilized. Results. From the time plot of ozone data, extreme ozone concentration is increasing linearly within the specified period. The return level of ozone concentration after 10, 25, 50, and 100 years have been forecasted and showed that there was an increasing trend in ozone extremes. High spatial variability of ozone extreme was observed, and those areas around the territories were having extreme ozone concentration than the centers. Moreover, Bayesian Kriging brought about relatively the minimum RMSE compared to the other models. Conclusion. The extreme ozone concentration has clearly showed a positive trend and spatial variation. Moreover, among the models considered in the paper, the Bayesian Kriging has been chosen as the better model.

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Dealing with hot rocky environments: Critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance in Leptodactylus lithonaetes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Herpetological Journal ◽

10.33256/hj29.3.155161 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Beltran

Keyword(s):

Environmental Temperature ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Locomotor Performance ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Physiological Limits ◽

Fitness Consequences ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Environmental Temperatures

Environmental temperature has fitness consequences on ectotherm development, ecology and behaviour. Amphibians are especially vulnerable because thermoregulation often trades with appropriate water balance. Although substantial research has evaluated the effect of temperature in amphibian locomotion and physiological limits, there is little information about amphibians living under extreme temperature conditions. Leptodactylus lithonaetes is a frog allegedly specialised to forage and breed on dark granitic outcrops and associated puddles, which reach environmental temperatures well above 40 ˚C. Adults can select thermally favourable microhabitats during the day while tadpoles are constrained to rock puddles and associated temperature fluctuations; we thus established microhabitat temperatures and tested whether the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of L. lithonaetes is higher in tadpoles compared to adults. In addition, we evaluated the effect of water temperature on locomotor performance of tadpoles. Contrary to our expectations, puddle temperatures were comparable and even lower than those temperatures measured in the microhabitats used by adults in the daytime. Nonetheless, the CTmax was 42.3 ˚C for tadpoles and 39.7 ˚C for adults. Regarding locomotor performance, maximum speed and maximum distance travelled by tadpoles peaked around 34 ˚C, approximately 1 ˚C below the maximum puddle temperatures registered in the puddles. In conclusion, L. lithonaetes tadpoles have a higher CTmax compared to adults, suggesting a longer exposure to extreme temperatures that lead to maintain their physiological performance at high temperatures. We suggest that these conditions are adaptations to face the strong selection forces driven by this granitic habitat.

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Evaluation of Durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) Through Extreme Temperature

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.26438/ijcse/v5i10.105109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

A.P. Shelorkar ◽

◽

V.R. Chaudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

High Performance ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽

High Performance Fibre

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التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

Journal of Education College Wasit University ◽

10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss34.800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (34) ◽

pp. 391-422

Author(s):

اشواق حسن حميد صالح

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Solar Brightness ◽

The Subject ◽

Climate Station ◽

The Times ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed 3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

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