Clinical and molecular epidemiological characterization of rotavirus infections in children under five years old in Shandong province, China

Abstract Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) had been recognized as one of the most common enteric viruses associated with acute diarrhea in children. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the molecular and epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children in Shandong province in China between July 2017 and June 2018. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea. DNA was extracted from the stool specimens and adenovirus DNA was detected by PCR amplification with specific primers. The amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator. All positive RT-PCR amplification products were sequenced and the obtained sequences analyzed by MEGA (version 7.0). Demographic information and clinical manifestation data were also analyzed. Results In total, 656 fecal specimens were collected and the overall positive rate of HAdV was 7.47%. HAdV infections were detected in all age groups, in which children aged 13–24 months presented the highest positive rate. Seasonal pattern could be observed with a peak in December, January and February. Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever were the main clinical manifestations, in which vomiting was the most common accompanied symptom. By phylogenetic analysis, four species (A, B, C, and F) were detected and seven different serotypes were identified. HAdV-41 (48.98%, 24/49) was the most common serotype followed by HAdV-3 (18.37%, 9/49), HAdV-31 (14.29%, 7/49), HAdV-7 (8.16%, 4/49), HAdV-40 (4.08%, 2/49), HAdV-1 (4.08%, 2/49) and HAdV-2 (2.04%, 1/49). Conclusion This study indicated that HAdV infection was an important cause of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. The results will contribute to (a) increase understanding of the role of HAdV in diarrheal children and enhance identification of the predominant diarrhea pathogen for diagnosis; (b) avoid abuse of antibiotics; (c) monitor the change of prevalent HAdV serotypes and promote vaccine development and vaccination.

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Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae Obtained from Invasive Diseases in Cuban Children under Five Years of Age

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761999000400008 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 477-478

Author(s):

Isis Tamargo ◽

Gilda Toraño ◽

Oxandra Rodriguez ◽

Miriam Perez ◽

Alina Llop

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Invasive Diseases

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Molecular characterization of norovirus infection responsible for acute diarrhea in Congolese hospitalized children under five years old in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vivaldie Mikounou Louya ◽

Christevy Vouvoungui ◽

Félix Koukouikila-Koussounda ◽

Francisco Veas ◽

Simon Charle Kobawila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

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Rotavirus Burden, Genetic Diversity and Impact of Vaccine in Children under Five in Tanzania

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8040210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 210

Author(s):

Joseph J. Malakalinga ◽

Gerald Misinzo ◽

George M. Msalya ◽

Rudovick R. Kazwala

Keyword(s):

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Virus Genotype ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Vaccine Introduction ◽

Rotavirus Vaccination ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Rotavirus Infections

In Tanzania, rotavirus infections are responsible for 72% of diarrhea deaths in children under five. The Rotarix vaccine was introduced in early 2013 to mitigate rotavirus infections. Understanding the disease burden and virus genotype trends over time is important for assessing the impact of rotavirus vaccine in Tanzania. When assessing the data for this review, we found that deaths of children under five declined after vaccine introduction, from 8171/11,391 (72% of diarrhea deaths) in 2008 to 2552/7087 (36% of diarrhea deaths) in 2013. Prior to vaccination, the prevalence of rotavirus infections in children under five was 18.1–43.4%, 9.8–51%, and 29–41% in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza and Tanga, respectively, and after the introduction of vaccines, these percentages declined to 17.4–23.5%, 16–19%, and 10–29%, respectively. Rotaviruses in Tanzania are highly diverse, and include genotypes of animal origin in children under five. Of the genotypes, 10%, 28%, and 7% of the strains are untypable in Dar es Salaam, Tanga, and Zanzibar, respectively. Mixed rotavirus genotype infection accounts for 31%, 29%, and 12% of genotypes in Mwanza, Tanga and Zanzibar, respectively. The vaccine effectiveness ranges between 53% and 75% in Mwanza, Manyara and Zanzibar. Rotavirus vaccination has successfully reduced the rotavirus burden in Tanzania; however, further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between the wildtype strain and the vaccine strain as well as the zoonotic potential of rotavirus in the post-vaccine era.

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Characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a Saudi Hospital

Journal of Family and Community Medicine ◽

10.4103/1319-1683.78634 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ObeidE Obeid

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Human Rotavirus

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Burden and Trends of Severe Rotavirus Infections and Allcause Acute Gastroenteritis Hospital Episodes in Children Under Five Years Old in Mainland Portugal

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.15706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Héloïse Lucaccioni ◽

Rita Sá Machado

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Mainland Portugal ◽

The Impact ◽

Rotavirus Infections

Introduction: Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children under five years old. In December 2019, Portugal announced the inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine, already available for private purchase, in the National Immunization Program. We present the first nationwide analysis of the burden and trends of rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis hospital episodes in children under five years old in mainland Portugal (2014 - 2017).Material and Methods: We used the hospital morbidity database and the Death Certificate Information System to identify hospital episodes and deaths of rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis based on the codes of the International Classification of Diseases. We described the number and rates of hospital episodes disaggregated by age group, sex, geographical units, and the seasonality and trends over the study period.Results: On average, during the study period, there were 1985 annual hospital episodes among children under five years old. The annual rate was 48.0/10 000 children (95% CI 46.9 - 49.0). Rates were consistently higher in younger children, and 67.8% episodes occurred in children under 24 months. We found a seasonal pattern with a major peak in the early spring.Discussion: Our results were consistent with the current knowledge on rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis hospital episodes in Europe. Additional studies are needed to identify the risk factors and high-risk groups for hospital attendance.Conclusion: Rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis hospital episodes in children under five years old in mainland Portugal represent an important health and economic burden. In the future, monitoring this burden and these trends in relation with rotavirus vaccine coverage could be useful in order to assess the impact of the vaccination programme on the change in hospital episodes.

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Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.2.2016.118-23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Parwata ◽

Wayan Sukardi ◽

Abdul Wahab ◽

Yati Soenarto

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Watery Diarrhea ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽

Rotavirus Infections

diarrhea and dehydration among children aged <5 years in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. There have been few studies on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram.Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mataram.Methods A cross sectional study using the WHO Generic Protocol for Rotavirus Surveillance was conducted in the Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) General Hospital, Mataram, as part of a multicenter study by the Indonesian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (IRSN) for children under five years of age. Subjects were diagnosed with rotavirus diarrhea based on stool sample examinations, using RT-PCR for genotyping. They were admitted to the Pediatrics Ward of the NTB Provincial General Hospital from January to December 2010.Results Of 329 children admitted with acute diarrhea, 210 (63.8%) had rotavirus positive stool specimens. For the year 2010, the highest incidence of rotavirus infection was in the month of January (86.4%). Rotavirus infections were found in children less than 2 years of age (65.4%), with the highest prevalence in the age group of 6 to 23 months (68.5%). In addition to clinical symptoms of watery diarrhea, there was a significantly greater percentage of vomiting in rotaviral vs. non-rotaviral diarrhea (67.7% vs. 32.3%, respectively; P<0.05). The majority of G and P genotypes found were G1 (86%), G2 (12%), P[8] (66%), P[4] (12.8%), and P[6] (8%).Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children aged <2 years in Mataram, Indonesia.

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