Molecular characterization of norovirus infection responsible for acute diarrhea in Congolese hospitalized children under five years old in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

Background Rotavirus is still a major cause of acute diarrhea in children around the world, both in developed and developingcountries. WHO Surveillance from 2001 to 2008 showed that in children under five years of age treated for acute diarrhea, on average 40% of cases were caused by rotavirus. A previous study in Indonesia showed that the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children ranged from 20%􀁑60% of diarrhea cases. However, there have been few studies identifying the genotypes of rotavirus strains in Indonesia. This infonnation is indispensable for manufacturing vaccines.Objective To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea, including genotypes and clinical characteristics, in children under five years who were hospitalized in Jakarta.Methods This study was a prospective surveillance conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2007 investigating hospitalized children under five years of age who suffered from acute diarrhea.Results Ninety􀁑nine patients joined the study. The incidence of rotavirus infection in this study was 67%. The youngest was 2months of age and the oldest 54 months of age, Mth an average age of 13.6 months. As much as 92% of rota virus diarrhea was found in subjects aged 3􀁑23 months, Mth a peak age of 12􀁑23 months. Nutritional status, degree of dehydration, bloating, fever, blood in stool, and mucus in the feces were not significantly different between rotavirus and non􀁑rotavirus diarrhea. Vomiting tended to be more frequently experienced by children Mth rotavirus diarrhea than those with non􀁑rotavirus (88% vs. 67%). There was no clear, seasonal pattern for rotavirus diarrhea. Most G genotypes in this study were G1 (35%), G9 (12.5%), G2 (7.5%) and the majority of P genotypes were P6 (52.5%), P8 (17.5%) and P4 (10%).Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jakarta was 67%, with apredominance ofG1, G9 and G2 genotypes.

Download Full-text

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Adenovirus Infections among Hospitalized Children with Acute Diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2006–2011

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/9304830 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lijuan Lu ◽

Huaqing Zhong ◽

Liyun Su ◽

Lingfeng Cao ◽

Menghua Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Human Adenovirus ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Limited Data ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Viral Diarrhea

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered a significant enteropathogen associated with sporadic diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of HAdV in hospitalized children with viral diarrhea in Shanghai. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of HAdVs and describe their association with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children.Methods: A total of 674 fecal samples were subjected to PCR or RT-PCR to detect RVA, HuCV, HAstV, and HAdV.Results: HAdV infections were detected in 4.7% (32/674) of specimens, with detection rates of 13.4% (11/82), 4.6% (8/174), 3.2% (4/124), 4.1% (3/74), 2.0% (2/100), and 3.3% (4/120) from 2006 to 2011, respectively. Comprehensive detection of the four viruses revealed the presence of a high percentage (90.6%) of coinfections among HAdV-positive samples, where HAdV+RVA was the most prevalent coinfection. Of the 32 HAdV-positive samples, 50.0% (16/32) were classified as HAdV-41, and 18.8% (6/32) were classified as HAdV-3. Almost 94.0% of children infected with HAdV were less than 24 months of age.Conclusions: These results clearly indicated diversity across the HAdV genotypes detected in inpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai and suggested that HAdVs play a role in children with acute diarrhea.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among children under five in semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02762-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tarikuwa Natnael ◽

Mistir Lingerew ◽

Metadel Adane

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Water Sources ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease is still one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Lack of specific data on the prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among under-five children in the semi-urban areas of Gelsha, found in northeastern Ethiopia’s South Wollo zone, remains a major gap. Therefore, this study was designed to provide data that is important for proper planning of intervention measures to reduce the problem in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 systematically selected children under five in semi-urban areas of Gelsha from January to March 2019. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Bivariable (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) were employed using binary logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval). Variables with a p-value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea. Result The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five in the study area was 11% (95%CI: 7.8–14.3%). About two-thirds (63.60%) of study participants used water from improved sources. About half (54.90%) of study participants practiced poor handwashing and 45.10% practiced good handwashing. We found that factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea were a child’s age of 12–23 months (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.45–1.50), the presence of two or more under-five children in the house (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.81), unimproved water sources (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.28–6.87) and presence of feces around the pit hole/slab/floor of the latrine (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.34–8.31). Conclusion The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five was relatively high. To reduce the problem, various prevention strategies are essential, such as the provision of health education to mothers/caregivers that focuses on keeping sanitation facilities clean and child care, and construction of improved water sources. Furthermore, implementing a strong health extension program, advocating an open defecation-free environment, and practicing a community-led total sanitation and hygiene approach might be helpful to sustainably reduce childhood diarrhea.

Download Full-text

Relative Efficacy of Probiotics Compared with Standard Therapy for Diarrhea Treatment in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis Evidence from Developing Countries

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.03.95 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Aini Suria Saputri ◽

◽

Tri Nugraha Susilawati ◽

Vitri Widyaningsih ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Standard Therapy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Relative Efficacy ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Review Manager

ABSTRACT Background: Probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. There is high-quality evidence that probiotics are effective for acute infectious diarrhea. This study aimed to examine the relative efficacy of probiotics compared with standard therapy for diarrhea treatment in children under five using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis was carried out using systematic PRISMA guidelines. The review process begins with searching for articles published between 2009 and 2019 from PubMed, Clinical Key, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This study obtained four articles that meet the criteria of the randomized controlled trial (RCT), the study subjects were toddlers and conducted in developing countries. A sample of 995 children was divided into two groups, 518 children received probiotics (intervention) and 477 children received standard therapy (control). The data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) software 5.3 to assess Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Results: Probiotics administration reduced duration of acute diarrhea in children under five than standard therapy, with pooled estimate= 0.30 (SMD= -0.30; 95% CI= – 0.56 to -0.03). Conclusion: Probiotics administration combined with standard therapy is effective to reduce the duration of acute diarrhea in children under five in developing countries. Keywords: acute diarrhea, probiotic, children under five Correspondence:Nurul Aini Suria Saputri. Midwifery Department, School of Health Polytechnics, Tanjungpinang/ Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim No.1, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285743401971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.95

Download Full-text

Direct and indirect costs of acute diarrhea in children under five years of age in Indonesia: Health facilities and community survey

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific ◽

10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100333 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 100333

Author(s):

Jarir At Thobari ◽

Sutarman ◽

Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi ◽

Emma Watts ◽

Natalie Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Community Survey ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Direct And Indirect Costs ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

Download Full-text

Rotavirus Diarrhoea among Children under Five Years in a Tertiary Level Government of Rajasthan

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v36i3.15398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 273-276

Author(s):

Abhijit Ari ◽

Ruchi Chaudhary ◽

S.D. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Under Five ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽

Age Range ◽

Elisa Result ◽

Level Government

Introduction: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children globally. Studies indicate that rotavirus causes approximately 40 percent of childhood diarrhoea hospitalization worldwide and around 39 percent in India in less than 5 years of age. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children aged under five years.Materials and Method: Stool samples were collected from children who fall within the age range of 0-5 years with acute diarrhea and samples are tested for rotavirus by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result: Out of 349 samples, 104(29.8%) cases were positive for rotavirus by ELISA. Therefore the prevalence of rotavirus infection among hospitalized patient under this study was 29.8%.Conclusion: Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):273-276

Download Full-text