scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Parwata ◽  
Wayan Sukardi ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Yati Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

diarrhea and dehydration among children aged <5 years in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. There have been few studies on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram.Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mataram.Methods A cross sectional study using the WHO Generic Protocol for Rotavirus Surveillance was conducted in the Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) General Hospital, Mataram, as part of a multicenter study by the Indonesian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (IRSN) for children under five years of age. Subjects were diagnosed with rotavirus diarrhea based on stool sample examinations, using RT-PCR for genotyping. They were admitted to the Pediatrics Ward of the NTB Provincial General Hospital from January to December 2010.Results Of 329 children admitted with acute diarrhea, 210 (63.8%) had rotavirus positive stool specimens. For the year 2010, the highest incidence of rotavirus infection was in the month of January (86.4%). Rotavirus infections were found in children less than 2 years of age (65.4%), with the highest prevalence in the age group of 6 to 23 months (68.5%). In addition to clinical symptoms of watery diarrhea, there was a significantly greater percentage of vomiting in rotaviral vs. non-rotaviral diarrhea (67.7% vs. 32.3%, respectively; P<0.05). The majority of G and P genotypes found were G1 (86%), G2 (12%), P[8] (66%), P[4] (12.8%), and P[6] (8%).Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children aged <2 years in Mataram, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Conductas, actitudes y prácticas de la madre o cuidador en el manejo de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de cinco años

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
María Del Pilar Gallardo-Lizarazo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Para Determinar

Objetivo: determinar las creencias de la madre y del cuidador sobre el manejo de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de 5 años de edad en la ciudad de Bucaramanga en el año 2015. Materiales y Métodos: la investigación se enmarca en el paradigma cuantitativo mediante el desarrollo de estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se encuestaron 200 madres o cuidadores de menores de cinco años en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional, confiabilidad 95% y margen de error de 7%. Para la recolección de la información se empleó una encuesta elaborada por la autora con validación estadística y por expertos. Resultados: se obtiene información sobre conocimientos y tradiciones acerca del manejo de la diarrea y la identificación de los signos de deshidratación por parte de los cuidadores, que son analizados en comparación con sus características sociales y culturales. Conclusiones: en Bucaramanga, madres y cuidadores de menores de cinco años, continúan la tradición familiar en lo referente a identificación de signos de deshidratación y costumbres en el manejo de la diarrea; la mayoría acude a consulta médica para su tratamiento; sin embargo, se encuentra un alto porcentaje que también recurre al tegua–sobandero. Para el manejo de la diarrea, las madres o cuidadores suministran caldos a los menores, aumentan la cantidad de líquidos, les administran sales de rehidratación oral y jugo de guayaba. Se encuentran diferencias acerca de las costumbres y tradiciones entre estratos socioeconómicos y niveles de escolaridad. PALABRAS CLAVE: costumbres, cuidadores, diarrea infantil . Behaviors, attitudes and practices of the mother or caregivers in the management of acute diarrhea in children under five years  ABSTRACT Goal: to determine the beliefs of mothers and caregivers about the management of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Bucaramanga city in the year 2015. Materials and Methods: the research is part of the quantitative paradigm by development of cross-sectional descriptive study; 200 mothers or caregivers of children under five were surveyed in Bucaramanga city,they were selected through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation, reliability and 95% margin of error of 7%. For data collection, a survey was conducted by the author with statistical validation and experts. Results: information on knowledge and traditions about the management of diarrhea and identify signs of dehydration by caregivers, which are analyzed in comparison with their social and cultural characteristics were obtained. Conclusions: in Bucaramanga city , mothers and caregivers of children under five years, continue the family tradition when it comes to checking for signs of dehydration and the old fashioned method in the management of diarrhea; most of them  go to see their doctor for treatment; however, there is a high percentage that also relies `Tegua-sobandero`. For the management of diarrhea, mothers or caregivers provide wines to children, increase the amount of fluids administered them ORS and guava juice.There were some differences concerning to the customs and traditions between socioeconomic and educational levels.KEYWORDS: customs, caregivers, childhood diarrhea.Comportamentos, atitudes e práticas da mãe ou responsável na gestão da diarreia aguda em crianças menores de cinco anos ABSTRACT  Objetivo: para determinar as crenças de mães e cuidadores sobre a gestão da diarreia aguda em crianças menores de 5 anos na cidade de Bucaramanga em 2015. Materiais e Métodos: a pesquisa é parte do paradigma quantitativo por desenvolvimento de estudo descritivo transversal; 200 mães ou cuidadores de crianças menores de cinco anos foram pesquisados na cidade de Bucaramanga, selecionadas por amostragem aleatória estratificada com alocação proporcional, confiabilidade e margem de 95% de erro de 7%. Para pesquisa de coleta de dados realizada pelo autor com validação estatística e os peritos que ele estava acostumado. Resultados: informações sobre o conhecimento e tradições sobre a gestão de diarreia e identificar sinais de desidratação por cuidadores, que são analisadas em comparação com as suas características sociais e culturais é obtido. Conclusões: em Bucaramanga, mães e cuidadores de crianças menores de cinco anos, continuar a tradição da família quando se trata de verificar se há sinais de desidratação e alfândegas na gestão da diarreia; mais ir ver o seu médico para tratamento; no entanto, há uma alta porcentagem que também se baseia Tegua-sobandero. Para a gestão de diarreia, mães ou cuidadores fornecem vinhos a menores, aumentar a quantidade de fluidos administrados los ORS e suco de goiaba. diferenças sobre os costumes e tradições entre os níveis socioeconômicos e educacionais são.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: costumes, cuidadores, diarreia infantil. 

scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene risk factors of acute diarrhea among children under five years in the Gaza Strip

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Abuzerr ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Mahdi Hadi ◽  
Kate Zinszer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Abstract This cross-sectional community household-based study aims to evaluate the water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in the Gaza Strip and to investigate their associations with the occurrence of acute diarrhea among children under five years. A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted on 1,857 households with an child under five years from August 2017 to June 2018. About 69.7% of heads of households reported a diarrheal episode among their children during the two months preceding the survey. Multivariable logistic regression showed that sewage water observed around the households was associated with an increased risk of acute diarrhea (AOR = 2.45; P &lt; 0.001; 95% CI: 1.83–3.27). Nevertheless, the allocation of a special water tank for desalinated drinking water at home (AOR = 0.3; P = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8), the connection of households to a closed sewerage system (AOR = 0.56; P &lt; 0.001; 95% CI: 0.43–0.73), and handwashing practices before and after eating (AOR = 0.42; P = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.24–0.74 and AOR = 0.50; P = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.26–0.94, respectively), as well as using desalinated water sources for drinking purposes, were inversely associated with the incidence of acute diarrhea among children under five. Further improvements in the existing sewerage system and the intensification of sanitation and hygiene promotion programs at the household levels may reduce the risk of acute diarrhea among children under five years in the Gaza Strip.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Rotavirus diarrhea in children under five: A hospital-based surveillance in Jakarta

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzal Kadim ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Clear Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background Rotavirus is still a major cause of acute diarrhea in children around the world, both in developed and developingcountries. WHO Surveillance from 2001 to 2008 showed that in children under five years of age treated for acute diarrhea, on average 40% of cases were caused by rotavirus. A previous study in Indonesia showed that the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children ranged from 20%􀁑60% of diarrhea cases. However, there have been few studies identifying the genotypes of rotavirus strains in Indonesia. This infonnation is indispensable for manufacturing vaccines.Objective To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea, including genotypes and clinical characteristics, in children under five years who were hospitalized in Jakarta.Methods This study was a prospective surveillance conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2007 investigating hospitalized children under five years of age who suffered from acute diarrhea.Results Ninety􀁑nine patients joined the study. The incidence of rotavirus infection in this study was 67%. The youngest was 2months of age and the oldest 54 months of age, Mth an average age of 13.6 months. As much as 92% of rota virus diarrhea was found in subjects aged 3􀁑23 months, Mth a peak age of 12􀁑23 months. Nutritional status, degree of dehydration, bloating, fever, blood in stool, and mucus in the feces were not significantly different between rotavirus and non􀁑rotavirus diarrhea. Vomiting tended to be more frequently experienced by children Mth rotavirus diarrhea than those with non􀁑rotavirus (88% vs. 67%). There was no clear, seasonal pattern for rotavirus diarrhea. Most G genotypes in this study were G1 (35%), G9 (12.5%), G2 (7.5%) and the majority of P genotypes were P6 (52.5%), P8 (17.5%) and P4 (10%).Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jakarta was 67%, with apredominance ofG1, G9 and G2 genotypes. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotic Utilization Pattern in Treatment of Acute Diarrhoea Diseases in Bishoftu General Hospital, Oromia Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit Tulu ◽  
Tarekegne Tadesse ◽  
Addisu Alemayehu Gube
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Type

Background. Majority of acute diarrhoeal diseases are self-limiting and do not require routine treatment. Treatment with empirical antimicrobials is recommended only for dysenteric and invasive bacterial diarrhoea. Irrational use of antibiotics in treatment of acute diarrhoea is common in clinical practice worldwide. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic use for acute diarrhoeal diseases in Bishoftu General Hospital, East Shewa Ethiopia. Methods and Materials. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2016. Data were collected retrospectively from patients treated for diarrhoeal diseases from January 2015 to December 2015 using structured questionnaires and entered into SPSS (IBM 20) and descriptive statistics was carried out. Results. Among the 303 patients, 51.2% were males and 48.8% were females. Of them, 62% were children under five years. Two hundred sixty three (86.8%) patients received eight different types of antibiotics and cotrimoxazole (178 patients, 58.7%) was the most prescribed antibiotics, followed by ciprofloxacin (33, 10.9%) and amoxicillin (14, 4.6%). Based on the presence of blood in stools, 14.5% of cases were of invasive bacterial type. According to the recommendations of WHO, the rate of overuse of antibiotics was 72.3%. Conclusion. This study revealed that there was high overuse of antibiotics for both adults and children under five with acute diarrhoea in Bishoftu General Hospital. And Cotrimoxazole was the most prescribed antibiotic.

scholarly journals Hypomagnesaemia in children under five years of age having acute diarrhea.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1768-1772
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Farrukh Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Sanuaullah Khan ◽  
Seemi Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Magnesium Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Duration Of Illness

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in children under five year of age having acute diarrhea. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College / Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Period: August 2019 to January 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 96 children aged between 6 months to five years having acute diarrhea and duration of illness <14 days were enrolled. All the patients were subjected to measurement of serum magnesium level. The proportion of hypomagnesaemia was analyzed in acute diarrhea. The effect modifier and confounding variables were controlled through stratification of data on duration of illness less as < 14 days and more than 14 days, age as < 2 year or > 2 year and weight as < 2SD or > 2SD on weight for age chart. Chi square test was applied considering p value < 0.05 as significant. Results: Our study comprised of 96 patients having acute diarrhea, of these 96 study cases, 62 (64.6%) were boys and 34 (35.4%) were girls. Mean age of our study cases was 19.25±15.71 months. Mean weight of study cases was 9.56±3.01 kg. Mean duration of illness was 5.74 ± 3.26 days. Mean Serum Magnesium level was 1.63 ± 0.32 mg/dl (ranging from 1.0 mg/dl to 2.8 mg/dl). Hypomagnesaemia was present in 47 (49%) cases. Conclusion: High frequency of hypomagnesaemia was observed in children under 5 years of age having acute diarrhea. Duration of illness had significant impact on hypomagnesaemia. Serum magnesium levels must be regularly monitored in children with acute diarrhea.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Obat yang Tidak Rasional pada Balita dengan Diare di Kalangan Bidan, di Kabupaten Sumedang Tahun 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Uyu Wahyudin ◽  
Besral Besral
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Compliance Level

Pengobatan diare pada balita di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sumedang dilaksanakan di Poli KIA yang sehari-harinya ditangani oleh bidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan bidan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan bidan dalam penggunaan obat secara rasional pa-da balita diare akut non spesifik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 109 bidan yang berasal dari 18 puskesmas yang dipilih secara random. Pengukuran kepatuhan dilakukan dengan pengamatan terhadap resep yang ditulis oleh bidan untuk balita penderita diare akut non spesifik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tingkat kepatuhan bidan adalah 69,7%. Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda memperlihatkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan adalah adalah pengetahuan dan sikap bidan terhadap obat rasional dan supervisi dari atasan. Penelitian ini juga menda-patkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan persepsi orang tua balita terhadap obat rasional dengan kepatuhan bidan dalam penggunaan obat rasional. Dalam rangka mengatasi ketidakrasionalan pengobatan diare akut non spesifik, maka Puskesmas harus berupaya meningkatkan pengetahuanbidan terhadap penggunaan obat rasional, melakukan supervisi, dan meningkatkan penyuluhan kepada pasien tentang penggunaan obat rasional. Kata kunci: Obat rasional, diare, bidanAbstractDiarrhea medication among children under five years old at primary health care, sub-province of Sumedang is performed at Mother and Child Polyclinic which is handled by a midwife everyday. This research purpose to obtain the description of compliance level of midwives and its factors related of midwives compliance in the usage of rational drugs among children with non specific acute diarrhea. Research used cross-sectional design with samples size were 109 midwives which were come from 18 primary health care , which were selected randomly.To measure the compliance, the observation was performed of prescriptions that written by midwives to children with non specific acute diarrhea. This research result showed that compliance level was 69,7%. Result analysis of multiple logistic regression showed that related factors were knowledge and midwives attitude of usage of rational drugs and supervision. This research also showed the association between knowledge and parent’s perception of children under five years old of rational drugs and compliance level of midwives in the usage of rational drugs. It is suggested that primary health care should increase midwives knowledge in usage of rational drugs, doing supervision and improve socialization the usage of rational drugs to patient.Keywords: Rational drugs, diarrhea, midwive

scholarly journals 767. Identification and Management of Diarrhea in Children Under Five in Bamako, Mali

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S428-S428
Author(s):  
Karen Cuttin ◽  
Elizabeth Dupont ◽  
Adama Mamby Keita ◽  
Samba Sow ◽  
Karen Kotloff
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea

Abstract Background Diarrhea is a leading cause of death for Children Under Five Years Old (CUFYO) worldwide, and Mali has the second highest diarrhea-related case fatality rate among African countries. The World Health Organization’s Integrated Management for Childhood Illness (IMCI) handbook provides recommendations for management of acute watery diarrhea (AWD), including: increased fluids, continued feeding, and zinc supplementation. It restricts antibiotics to dysentery. The 2018 Malian Demographic and Health Survey noted low rates of rehydration and zinc use. This study aimed to evaluate how provider knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBPs) align with IMCI recommendations for diagnosis and management of diarrhea in Mali. Methods This qualitative cross-sectional study interviewed 136 providers who manage diarrhea in CUFYO in Bamako, Mali from July - August 2017. Providers included: doctors (D), pharmacists (P), market vendors of allopathic medications (MV), traditional healers (TH), and vendors of traditional medicines (TV). Participants were randomly selected and presented with scenarios depicting diarrheal syndromes. They provided a diagnosis, etiology of illness, and management recommendations. Providers were surveyed on KBPs regarding IMCI recommendations. Results Only 43% of providers provided the IMCI definition of AWD. Participant-IMCI concordant diagnosis varied by provider group for AWD (D-73%, P-67%, MV-31%, TH-18%, TV-40%), Dysentery (D-38%, P-75%, MV-38%, TH-61%, TV-40%), and Some Dehydration (D-31%, P-4%, MV-4%, TH-7%, TV-40%). Only 41% of all providers identified dehydration as a sequela of AWD; 18% noted mortality. Etiologies of AWD cited included: infection, teething, diet, hygiene, and many others. Participants volunteered treatment of AWD with fluids (D-52%, P-8%, MV-0%, TH-0%, TV-0%), but not zinc (0%). MK alone offered inappropriate use of antibiotics for AWD (23%). Conclusion Provider identification and management of diarrheal syndromes in CUFYO remain largely inconsistent with IMCI recommendations across all sectors of providers interviewed, specifically for rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Association between Severe Dehydration in Rotavirus Diarrhea and Exclusive Breastfeeding among Infants at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Prasetyo ◽  
Iesje Martiza Sabaroedin ◽  
Yudith Setiati Ermaya ◽  
Yati Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children. Infants who are exclusively breastfed develop fewer infections and have less severe illnesses. This study aimed to determine association between severe dehydration in rotavirus diarrhea and exclusive breastfeeding.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study in infants ≤ 6 months old with acute diarrhea in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Results. From 134 infants ≤ 6 months old with acute diarrhea enrolled from April 2009 to December 2012, there were 88 (65.6%) boys and 46 (34.4%) girls in this study. Rotavirus was detected in 60 (44.8 %), 32 (53.3%) of whom were exclusively breastfed. From rotavirus positive subjects, severe dehydration occurred in 4 (12.6%) exclusively breastfed infants and 6 (21.5%) not exclusively breastfed infants. No significant association was found between severe dehydration and exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.491) in rotavirus diarrhea.Conclusions. In rotavirus diarrhea, there was no significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and severe dehydration.

scholarly journals Appropriateness of Antibiotic use for the Management of Acute Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children Treated at Primary Care Centers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeya Tadesse Abegaz ◽  
Addisu Jember Zeleke ◽  
Zelalem Tilahun Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea

Abstract Background Acute diarrhea management is solely aimed at fluid replacement and nutritional support while antibiotics have a very limited role. Antibiotic treatment is recommended only for bloody diarrhea (dysentery), cholera and invasive bacterial diarrhea. This study is launched to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic use for the management of acute diarrhea among under-five children in Gondar town primary care centers.Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary care centers located in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Children aged from 2–59 months who visited the three primary care centers from September 12, 2015 to September 10, 2016 and received treatment for acute diarrhea were included in the study. We selected 176 cases from Azezo Health Center, 166 from Poly Health Center and 80 from Woleka Health Center. Cases were drawn using systematic random sampling technique. The findings of the study were summarized using tables and figures; binary logistic analysis was used to identify association between the independent and outcome variables at 95% confidence level where p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results The mean age of the study participants was 19.1 ± 12.8 months. The majority (60.8%) were males. Appropriate antibiotic use was recorded in less than half (47.2%) of the study subjects. Almost all (98.1%) of children subjected to inappropriate antibiotic use were those with watery diarrhea treated with antibiotics. Out of 253 children who received antidiarrheal antibiotics 202 (79.8%) had acute watery diarrhea which should not be treated with antibiotics. Children diagnosed with acute watery diarrhea were less likely to receive treatment qualified as appropriate antibiotic use [AOR: 0.003 (0.001,0.017)]. Conversely, receiving no antibiotic [AOR: 391.00 (92.46, 1653.37)] and prescriber’s profession of Clinical Nurse [AOR: 3.57 (1.02, 12.51)] were positive predictors for appropriate antibiotic use.Conclusion The findings of the study confirm the prevalence of widespread inappropriate antibiotic use on under-five children presenting with acute diarrhea. The findings can be used by stakeholders as input for promoting appropriate antibiotic use in the healthcare system as well as to deter antimicrobial resistance.

CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTITICS OF ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS OLD IN PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF BINH DINH GENERAL HOSPITAL

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Quoc Tinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Cu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Rotavirus is the most important factor cause of severe diarrhea and mortality in children, especially under 2 years. Objective: To study Clinical and paraclinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea in children less than 5 years old in the Pediatric Department of Binh Dinh General Hospital. Methods: Cross observational study, 417 children from 2 months to 5 years old who were hospitalized for acute diarrhea without blood in stool in Pediatric Department of Binh Dinh general hospital, from 15/3/2012 to 14/3/2013. There were 228 patients with rotavirus - positive stool specimens and 189 patients with rotavirus - negative stool specimens. Tested for rotavirus A classification by agglutination techniques. Results: Percentage of Rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years was 54.7%. The mean age of rotavirus diarrhea was 14.83 ± 9.08 tháng months. Ages with the highest cases of rotavirus diarrhea are 2 - 12 months: 48.2%. Rotavirrus diarrhea is experienced in every month but, the highest prevalence is experienced in the spring - summer) with 71,5%. Clinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea: Vomit presents in 91,7% of cases. 32.9% of the initial symptoms of the disease is vomiting. Mean number of vomiting episodes per day: 7 ± 3.57 times, significantly higher compared with non-rotavirus acute diarrhea (p <0,01). Mean number of bowel movement per day: 10.61±4.18 times, mean duration of diarrhea: 6.66 ± 2.52 days. Younger children have higher frequency and duration of diarrhea compared to older children. Paraclinical characteristitics of rotavirus diarrhea: the mean number leukocyte: 9.74 ±3.61 (x 109/l). 2.2% with low blood sodium status; 8.8% with reduction in serum potassium concentration. 26.3% with low blood calcium and glucose status. Laboratory characteristics of stool: 8.8% with white blood cells in stool, 41.7% with carbohydrate in stool. Conclusion: Rotavirus accounting for 54.7% of the causes of diarrhea in children. Rotavirus diarrhea is experienced throughout the year but the highest prevalence is in the spring-summer. Prominent symptoms of the disease are vomiting and watery stool. Children <24 months experience higher frequency and duration of diarrhea compared to older age groups. Key words: Diarrhea, Rotavirus.

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