l-Glutamine and l-arginine protect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection via intestinal innate immunity in mice

Neutrophils play important roles in innate immunity and are mainly dependent on various enzyme-containing granules to kill engulfed microorganisms. Zebrafish nephrosin ( npsn ) is specifically expressed in neutrophils; however, its function is largely unknown. Here, we generated an npsn mutant ( npsn smu5 ) via CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the in vivo function of Npsn. The overall development and number of neutrophils remained unchanged in npsn -deficient mutants, whereas neutrophil antibacterial function was defective. Upon infection with Escherichia coli , the npsn smu5 mutants exhibited a lower survival rate and more severe bacterial burden, as well as augmented inflammatory response to challenge with infection when compared with wild-type embryos, whereas npsn -overexpressing zebrafish exhibited enhanced host defence against E. coli infection. These findings demonstrated that zebrafish Npsn promotes host defence against bacterial infection. Furthermore, our findings suggested that npsn -deficient and -overexpressing zebrafish might serve as effective models of in vivo innate immunity.

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Improvement of the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Model for Post-Weaning Diarrhea by Controlling for Bacterial Adhesion, Pig Breed and MUC4 Genotype

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7030106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Hiroki Matsumoto ◽

Masashi Miyagawa ◽

Sayaka Takahashi ◽

Ryouichi Shima ◽

Takayuki Oosumi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Infection Model ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Pig Breeds ◽

Adhesion Ability ◽

Escherichia Coli Infection

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs and causes significant damage to the swine industry worldwide. In recent years, there has been increased regulation against the use of antibacterial agents in swine due to their health risks. Utilizing experimental models that consistently recapitulate PWD is important for the development of non-antibacterial agents against PWD in pigs. In this study, we established a highly reproducible PWD infection model by examining differences in adhesion of ETEC to the intestinal tissue as well as the association between MUC4 polymorphisms and sensitivity to PWD. Post-weaning diarrhea differences between pig breeds were also examined. The adhesion to enterocytes varied from 104.0 to 106.4 CFU/mL even among the F4 ETEC strains. Experimental infection revealed that PWD can be induced in all MUC4 genotypes after infection with 1010 CFU/pig of highly adherent ETEC, although there were variable sensitivities between the genotypes. Lowly adherent ETEC did not cause PWD as efficiently as did highly adherent ETEC. The incidence of PWD was confirmed for all pigs with the ETEC-susceptible MUC4 genotypes in all of the breeds. These results indicate that high-precision and reproducible experimental infection is possible regardless of pig breeds by controlling factors on the pig-end (MUC4 genotype) and the bacterial-end (adhesion ability).

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Outbreak of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection with an Unusually Long Duration of Illness

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/503842 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 1513-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

J. S. Yoder ◽

S. Cesario ◽

V. Plotkin ◽

X. Ma ◽

K. K. Shannon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Long Duration ◽

Escherichia Coli Infection

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Epidemiology of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in Minnesota, 2016–2017

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268820001934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

Author(s):

S. Buuck ◽

K. Smith ◽

R. C. Fowler ◽

E. Cebelinski ◽

V. Lappi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Stool Culture ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Culture Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Case Comparison ◽

Culture Independent ◽

The Usa ◽

Escherichia Coli Infection ◽

Traveller’S Diarrhoea

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a well-established cause of traveller's diarrhoea and occasional domestic foodborne illness outbreaks in the USA. Although ETEC are not detected by conventional stool culture methods used in clinical laboratories, syndromic culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) capable of detecting ETEC have become increasingly prevalent in the last decade. This study describes the epidemiology of ETEC infections reported to the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) during 2016–2017. ETEC-positive stool specimens were submitted to MDH to confirm the presence of ETEC DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cases were interviewed to ascertain illness and exposures. Contemporaneous Salmonella cases were used as a comparison group in a case-case comparison analysis of risk factors. Of 222 ETEC-positive specimens received by MDH, 108 (49%) were concordant by PCR. ETEC was the sixth most frequently reported bacterial enteric pathogen among a subset of CIDT-positive specimens. Sixty-nine (64%) laboratory-confirmed cases had an additional pathogen codetected with ETEC, including enteroaggregative E. coli (n = 40) and enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 39). Although travel is a risk factor for ETEC infection, only 43% of cases travelled internationally, providing evidence for ETEC as an underestimated source of domestically acquired enteric illness in the USA.

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