Regional Differences in the Effect of Cholera Toxin and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection on Electrolyte and Fluid Transport in the Porcine Small Intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Grøndahl ◽  
J. E. Thorbøll ◽  
M. Berner Hansen ◽  
E. Skadhauge
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

scholarly journals Concomitant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Induces Increased Immune Responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 Antigens in Patients with Cholera in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2117-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahima Chowdhury ◽  
Yasmin A. Begum ◽  
Mohammad Murshid Alam ◽  
Ashraful I. Khan ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Secretory Diarrhea ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are major bacterial pathogens that cause dehydrating disease requiring hospitalization of children and adults. The cholera toxin (CT) produced by V. cholerae O1 and the heat-labile toxin (LT) and/or heat-stable toxin (ST) of ETEC are responsible for secretory diarrhea. We have observed that about 13% of hospitalized diarrheal patients are concomitantly infected with V. cholerae O1 and ETEC. In order to understand the outcome of such dual infections on the clinical and immunological responses in cholera patients, we studied patients infected with V. cholerae O1 (group VC; n = 25), those infected with both V. cholerae O1 and ETEC (group VCET; n = 25), and those infected with ETEC only (group ET; n = 25). The VCET group showed more severe dehydration and had a higher intake of intravenous fluid and more vomiting than the ETEC group (P = 0.01 to 0.003). The VCET patients showed higher vibriocidal responses and increased antibody titers to cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma than did the V. cholerae O1 patients (P = 0.02 to <0.001). All responses in the V. cholerae O1 and in the VCET groups were more robust than those seen in the group infected with ETEC only (P = 0.01 to <0.001). We thus show that concomitant colonization with ETEC induces immune responses to V. cholerae antigens that are more robust than those seen with V. cholerae O1 infection alone. It is possible that LT or other factors expressed by ETEC may play a role as a mucosal adjuvant in enhancing the immune responses to V. cholerae O1.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Different Lots of the Oral, Killed Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Cholera Toxin B Subunit Vaccine in Israeli Young Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4492-4497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Cohen ◽  
Nadav Orr ◽  
Moti Haim ◽  
Shai Ashkenazi ◽  
Guy Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea among Israeli soldiers serving in field units. Two double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized trials were performed among 155 healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different lots of the oral, killed ETEC vaccine consisting of two doses of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB). The two doses of vaccine lot E005 and the first dose of vaccine lot E003 were well tolerated by the volunteers. However, 5 (17%) vaccinees reported an episode of vomiting a few hours after the second dose of lot E003; none of the placebo recipients reported similar symptoms. Both lots of vaccine stimulated a rate of significant antibody-secreting cell (ASC) response to CTB and to colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) after one or two doses, ranging from 85 to 100% and from 81 to 100%, respectively. The rate of ASC response to CS2, CS4, and CS5 was slightly lower than the rate of ASC response induced to CTB, CFA/I, and CS1. The second vaccine dose enhanced the response to CTB but did not increase the frequencies or magnitude of ASC responses to the other antigens. The two lots of the ETEC vaccine induced similar rates of serum antibody responses to CTB and CFA/I which were less frequent than the ASC responses to the same antigens. Based on these safety and immunogenicity data, an efficacy study of the ETEC vaccine is under way in the Israel Defense Force.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Model for Post-Weaning Diarrhea by Controlling for Bacterial Adhesion, Pig Breed and MUC4 Genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Hiroki Matsumoto ◽  
Masashi Miyagawa ◽  
Sayaka Takahashi ◽  
Ryouichi Shima ◽  
Takayuki Oosumi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs and causes significant damage to the swine industry worldwide. In recent years, there has been increased regulation against the use of antibacterial agents in swine due to their health risks. Utilizing experimental models that consistently recapitulate PWD is important for the development of non-antibacterial agents against PWD in pigs. In this study, we established a highly reproducible PWD infection model by examining differences in adhesion of ETEC to the intestinal tissue as well as the association between MUC4 polymorphisms and sensitivity to PWD. Post-weaning diarrhea differences between pig breeds were also examined. The adhesion to enterocytes varied from 104.0 to 106.4 CFU/mL even among the F4 ETEC strains. Experimental infection revealed that PWD can be induced in all MUC4 genotypes after infection with 1010 CFU/pig of highly adherent ETEC, although there were variable sensitivities between the genotypes. Lowly adherent ETEC did not cause PWD as efficiently as did highly adherent ETEC. The incidence of PWD was confirmed for all pigs with the ETEC-susceptible MUC4 genotypes in all of the breeds. These results indicate that high-precision and reproducible experimental infection is possible regardless of pig breeds by controlling factors on the pig-end (MUC4 genotype) and the bacterial-end (adhesion ability).

scholarly journals Outbreak of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection with an Unusually Long Duration of Illness

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Yoder ◽  
S. Cesario ◽  
V. Plotkin ◽  
X. Ma ◽  
K. K. Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in Minnesota, 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Buuck ◽  
K. Smith ◽  
R. C. Fowler ◽  
E. Cebelinski ◽  
V. Lappi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Traveller’S Diarrhoea

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a well-established cause of traveller's diarrhoea and occasional domestic foodborne illness outbreaks in the USA. Although ETEC are not detected by conventional stool culture methods used in clinical laboratories, syndromic culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) capable of detecting ETEC have become increasingly prevalent in the last decade. This study describes the epidemiology of ETEC infections reported to the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) during 2016–2017. ETEC-positive stool specimens were submitted to MDH to confirm the presence of ETEC DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cases were interviewed to ascertain illness and exposures. Contemporaneous Salmonella cases were used as a comparison group in a case-case comparison analysis of risk factors. Of 222 ETEC-positive specimens received by MDH, 108 (49%) were concordant by PCR. ETEC was the sixth most frequently reported bacterial enteric pathogen among a subset of CIDT-positive specimens. Sixty-nine (64%) laboratory-confirmed cases had an additional pathogen codetected with ETEC, including enteroaggregative E. coli (n = 40) and enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 39). Although travel is a risk factor for ETEC infection, only 43% of cases travelled internationally, providing evidence for ETEC as an underestimated source of domestically acquired enteric illness in the USA.

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