3D quantification of in vivo orthodontic tooth movement in rats by means of micro-computed tomography

Abstract Objectives The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). Materials and methods The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. Clinical relevance Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.

Download Full-text

Role of c-Fos in orthodontic tooth movement: an in vivo study using transgenic mice

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03503-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maximilian G. Decker ◽

Cita Nottmeier ◽

Julia Luther ◽

Anke Baranowsky ◽

Bärbel Kahl-Nieke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Mice ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

In Vivo Study

Download Full-text

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910308200815 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 646-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

I. Takahashi ◽

M. Nishimura ◽

K. Onodera ◽

J.-W. Bae ◽

H. Mitani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽

Tension And Compression ◽

Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

Download Full-text

Demineralized bone matrix-based microcarrier scaffold favors vascularized large bone regeneration in vivo in a rat model

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328218784370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 182-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiannan Li ◽

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Guangdong Zhou ◽

Yilin Cao ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Matrix Group ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Demineralized Bone

Insufficient neo-vascularization of in vivo implanted cell-seeded scaffold remains a major bottleneck for clinical translation of engineered bone formation. Demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone scaffold for bone engineering due to its structural and biochemical components similar to those of native bone. We hypothesized that the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix favors ingrowth of vessels and bone regeneration upon in vivo implantation. In this study, a rat model of femoral vessel pedicle-based bone engineering was employed by filling the demineralized bone matrix scaffolds inside a silicone chamber that surrounded the vessel pedicles, and to compare the efficiency of vascularized bone regeneration between microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and block demineralized bone matrix. The results showed that bone marrow stem cells better adhered to microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and produced more extracellular matrices during in vitro culture. After in vivo implantation, microcarrier demineralized bone matrix seeded with bone marrow stem cells formed relatively more bone tissue than block demineralized bone matrix counterpart at three months upon histological examination. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction showed that microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group regenerate significantly better and more bone tissues than block demineralized bone matrix both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Moreover, micro-computed tomography reconstructed angiographic images also demonstrated significantly enhanced tissue vascularization in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining of (micro-) vessels and semi-quantitative analysis also evidenced enhanced vascularization of regenerated bone in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone regenerative scaffold due to its advantages of osteoinductivity and vascular induction, two essentials for in vivo bone regeneration.

Download Full-text

Human Dental Pulp Tissue during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Immunofluorescence Study

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanna Vermiglio ◽

Antonio Centofanti ◽

Giovanni Matarese ◽

Angela Militi ◽

Marco Matarese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Force Application ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Human Dental Pulp

The orthodontic tooth movement is the last step of several biological processes that take place after the application of external forces. During this process, dental pulp tissue is subjected to structural and protein expression modifications in order to maintain their integrity and functional morphology. The purpose of the present work was to perform an in vivo study, evaluating protein expression modifications in the human dental pulp of patients that have undergone orthodontic tooth movement due to pre-calibrated light force application for 30 days. Dental pulp samples were extracted from molars and premolars of the control group and after 7 and 30 days of treatment; the samples were then processed for immunofluorescence reactions using antibodies against fibronectin, collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our results show that, after 7 days of treatment, all tested proteins change their pattern expression and will reset after 30 days. These data demonstrate that the dental pulp does not involve any irreversible iatrogenic alterations, supporting the efficacy and safety of using pre-calibrated force application to induce orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

Download Full-text

CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues—in vitro and in vivo studies

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03244-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 3661-3670 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽

Svenja Memmert ◽

Anna Damanaki ◽

Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽

Sigrun Eick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Mechanical Forces ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Mechanical Signals ◽

Periodontal Infection ◽

Experimental Periodontitis

Abstract Objectives This study was established to investigate whether the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are produced in periodontal cells and tissues and, if so, whether their levels are regulated by microbial and/or mechanical signals. Materials and methods The chemokine expression and protein levels in gingival biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also analyzed in gingival biopsies from rats subjected to experimental periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, chemokine levels were determined in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and mechanical forces by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Higher CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 levels were found in human and rat gingiva from sites of periodontitis as compared with periodontally healthy sites. In the rat experimental periodontitis model, the bacteria-induced upregulation of these chemokines was significantly counteracted by orthodontic forces. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of all chemokines at 1 day. When the cells were subjected simultaneously to F. nucleatum and mechanical forces, the upregulation of chemokines was significantly inhibited. The transcriptional findings were paralleled at protein level. Conclusions This study provides original evidence in vitro and in vivo that the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are regulated by both microbial and mechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Furthermore, our study revealed that biomechanical forces can counteract the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum on these chemokines. Clinical relevance Mechanical loading might aggravate periodontal infection by compromising the recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells.

Download Full-text

Intraosteal Behavior of Porous Scaffolds: The mCT Raw-Data Analysis as a Tool for Better Understanding

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11040532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parrilla-Almansa ◽

González-Bermúdez ◽

Sánchez-Sánchez ◽

Meseguer-Olmo ◽

Martínez-Cáceres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Mathematical Analysis ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Hounsfield Unit ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Radiological Analysis

The aim of the study is to determine the existing correlation between high-resolution 3D imaging technique obtained through Micro Computed Tomography (mCT) and histological-histomorphometric images to determine in vivo bone osteogenic behavior of bioceramic scaffolds. A Ca-Si-P scaffold ceramic doped and non-doped (control) with a natural demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were implanted in rabbit tibias for 1, 3, and 5 months. A progressive disorganization and disintegration of scaffolds and bone neoformation occurs, from the periphery to the center of the implants, without any differences between histomorphometric and radiological analysis. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) between DMB-doped and non-doped materials where only detected through mathematical analysis of mCT. In this way, average attenuation coefficient for DMB-doped decreased from 0.99 ± 0.23 Hounsfield Unit (HU) (3 months) to 0.86 ± 0.32 HU (5 months). Average values for non-doped decreased from 0.86 ± 0.25 HU (3 months) to 0.66 ± 0.33 HU. Combination of radiological analysis and mathematical mCT seems to provide an adequate in vivo analysis of bone-implanted biomaterials after surgery, obtaining similar results to the one provided by histomorphometric analysis. Mathematical analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) would allow the conducting of long-term duration in vivo studies, without the need for animal sacrifice, and the subsequent reduction in variability.

Download Full-text