Childhood autism, feeding problems and failure to thrive in early infancy

As a psychiatric consultant in an inner-city level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), I have seen several cases involving premature infants who did not have a caring, consistent adult in their lives. This neglect appeared to contribute to the development of behavior problems (eg, irritability) or feeding problems (eg, failure to thrive), and sometimes an infant failed to progress medically or experienced an exacerbation of medical problems. These infants were assigned the diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder of infancy. This is a recognized psychiatric entity that is defined, as follows, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed, revised):

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COARCTATION OF THE AORTA WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE IN INFANCY—MEDICAL TREATMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.17.1.45 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 45-57

Author(s):

Henry T. Lang ◽

Alexander S. Nadas

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Left And Right

Nine infants with uncomplicated coarctation of the aorta in congestive heart failure are presented. The symptomatology was dominated by feeding problems, failure to thrive, dyspnea, and cyanosis. On physical examination, in addition to signs referable to the coarctation, signs of both left and right-sided congestive heart failure were noted. The roentgenographic survey revealed marked generalized cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. Electrocardiograms in the infants less than 6 months of age showed left, right, or combined ventricular hypertrophy, whereas those more than 6 months of age all showed left ventricular hypertrophy. Medical treatment, consisting of digitalis, oxygen, mercurial diuretics, diet low in sodium, and antibiotics, was successful in all instances. Digitalization was maintained throughout infancy. Operative intervention can be safely postponed until late childhood unless medical management is not successful. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.

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Child health

Oxford Handbook of General Practice ◽

10.1093/med/9780199671038.003.0024 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 845-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chantal Simon ◽

Hazel Everitt ◽

Françoise van Dorp ◽

Matt Burkes

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Child Health ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Birth Trauma ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Developmental Milestones ◽

Child Health Promotion

Child health promotion The neonatal check Neonatal bloodspot screening Summary of developmental milestones Screening for hip dysplasia Vision and hearing screening tests Birth trauma Genetic problems Minor problems of neonates and small babies Problems of prematurity Neonatal jaundice Feeding babies Weaning, feeding problems, and failure to thrive...

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Aryepiglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: 100 consecutive cases

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/0022215011906966 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

S. C. Toynton ◽

M. W. Saunders ◽

C. M. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Complication Rate ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Indications For Surgery ◽

Airway Compromise ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Street Hospital ◽

Feeding Difficulties ◽

Great Ormond Street Hospital ◽

Feeding Difficulty

A retrospective review of the notes of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone aryepiglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, was undertaken. Fifty-six were male, 44 female and 47 were under three months of age. Indications for surgery were oxygen desaturation below 92 per cent and feeding difficulties causing failure to thrive. Forty-seven patients had other pathology contributing to their airway compromise or feeding problems. Improvement in stridor after one month was achieved in 86/91 (94.5 per cent) being abolished completely in 50/91 (55 per cent). Of the 25 per cent of patients whose symptoms took more than one week to resolve, 16/22 (63.6 per cent) were later found to have a serious neurological condition. Feeding was improved in 42 of 58 patients (72.4 per cent) who had a pre-operative feeding difficulty. The complication rate was low, with only five out of 86 (10 per cent) experiencing initial worsening of the airway and six per cent having aspiration of early feeds before improvement occurred.Endoscopic aryepiglottoplasty remains the operation of choice for patients with severe laryngomalacia, however, in the presence of neurological disease surgery is less likely to be successful.

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Failure to Thrive in Early Infancy Due to Abnormalities of Rotation of the Mid-Gut

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/000992286500401114 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 681-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.W.M. Leslie ◽

W.J. Matheson

Keyword(s):

Failure To Thrive ◽

Early Infancy

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Six Patients with MethylmalonicAcidemia and Their Outcome: A Literature Review and Case Series

World Journal of Peri & Neonatology ◽

10.18502/wjpn.v2i2.4344 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naser Ali Mirhosseini ◽

Sana Taghiyar ◽

Mahdieh Saatchi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Progressive Failure ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Series ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Urinary Organic Acid ◽

Severe Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Recurrent Vomiting

Background: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a congenital disorder due to the defects in the propionate pathway. It results from a deficiency in methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase or one of the steps of the synthesis of the cobalamin (B12) cofactors for the enzyme. There is deficiency of methylmalonylcoAmutase (MCM) in the classic MMA. It presents with severe metabolic acidosis in the first month of life, progressive failure to thrive, feeding problems, recurrent vomiting, dehydration, hepatomegaly, lethargy, seizures, and developmental delay. Quantitative analysis of urinary organic acid patterns by GC-MS is used in MMA diagnosis. Treatment with large doses of hydroxocobalamin is helpful in some cases of MMA. Case presentation:We Reported 6 patients with MMA with a variety of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Conclusion: The overall prognosis of classic MMA remains doubtful, whereas vitamin B12 responsive MMA has a reasonable outcome.

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SPONTANEOUS PERFORATION OF BILE DUCTS IN EARLY INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.35.3.453 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 453-457

Author(s):

George A. Hyde

Keyword(s):

Bile Duct ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Bile Ducts ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Early Infancy ◽

Abdominal Distention ◽

Spontaneous Perforation ◽

Venous Plexus ◽

Free Survival ◽

The Common

A neonate with spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct is reported; the baby had a fulminating two-day illness with abdominal distention, vomiting, and progressive toxicity. A review of nineteen previously reported cases revealed that the condition is more commonly characterized by jaundice, abdominal distention due to bilious ascites, and failure to thrive for a month or more. Nearly all patients had unobstructed biliary trees. Laparotomy and drainage of the perforation led to spontaneous sealing and symptom-free survival. Babies who were not operated on died. It is suggested that these perforations may be caused by portal bacteremia localizing in the venous plexus surrounding the luminal diverticula and glands of the normal bile duct.

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Organic and Nonorganic Feeding Disorders

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000381373 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (Suppl. 5) ◽

pp. 16-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anna Rybak

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Feeding Disorders ◽

Food Refusal ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Behavioral Issues ◽

Negative Behaviors ◽

Feeding Style

Feeding is one of the most important interactions between caregiver and child in the first few years of life and even later on in handicapped children. Feeding disorders can present as food refusal or low quantity of food intake due to behavioral issues or underlying organic conditions. This situation concerns mostly infants and children below 6 years of age; however, feeding problems can appear also later on in life. Feeding disorders are a concern for over 10-25% of parents of otherwise healthy children below 3 years of age, but only 1-5% of infants and toddlers suffer from severe feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. In case of premature infants or neurologically disabled children, this rate is much higher. Feeding disorders may appear as an isolated problem, mainly due to negative behaviors during feeding, or as a concomitant disorder with an underlying organic disease or structural anomaly. The newest classification also includes the feeding style presented by the caregiver (responsive, controlling, indulgent or neglectful) as a separate cause of feeding disorders.

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