Major depressive disorder and attenuated negative symptoms in a child and adolescent sample with psychosis risk syndrome: the CAPRIS study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodríguez-Pascual ◽  
Xavier Álvarez-Subiela ◽  
Jordina Tor ◽  
Marta Pardo ◽  
Elena de la Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Adolescent Sample

scholarly journals Recent developments in the treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseena Hussain ◽  
Bernadka Dubicka ◽  
Paul Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Major Depressive

Major depressive disorder in adolescents is an important public health concern. It is common, a risk factor for suicide and is associated with adverse psychosocial consequences. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend that children and young people with moderate-to-severe depression should be seen within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and receive specific psychological interventions, possibly in combination with antidepressant medication. Cognitive behavioural therapy (in some studies) and interpersonal psychotherapy have been demonstrated to be more effective than active control treatments for depressed adolescents. For children with depression, there is some evidence that family focused approaches are more effective than individual therapy. Fluoxetine is the antidepressant with the greatest evidence for effectiveness compared with placebo. Treatment with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy is likely to reduce suicidality, although in some young people, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors lead to increased suicidality. There is limited evidence that combination of specific psychological therapy and antidepressant medication is better than treatment with monotherapy. There are methodological limitations in the published literature that make it difficult to relate study findings to the more severely ill clinical population in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Young people should have access to both evidence-based psychological interventions and antidepressants for paediatric depression. Collaborative decisions on treatment should be made jointly by young people, their carers and clinicians, taking into account individual circumstances and potential benefits, risks and availability of treatment.

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Based Electroencephalographic Phenotypes of Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk-In Jang ◽  
Sungkean Kim ◽  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
Chany Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Chae
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Cortical Sources

Background: Psychiatric diagnosis is formulated by symptomatic classification; disease-specific neurophysiological phenotyping could help with its fundamental treatment. Here, we investigated brain phenotyping in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) by using electroencephalography (EEG) and conducted machine-learning-based classification of the two diseases by using EEG components.Materials and Methods: We enrolled healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30) and patients with SZ (n = 34) and MDD (n = 33). An auditory P300 (AP300) task was performed, and the N1 and P3 components were extracted. Two-group classification was conducted using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Positive and negative symptoms and depression and/or anxiety symptoms were evaluated.Results: Considering both the results of statistical comparisons and machine learning-based classifications, patients and HCs showed significant differences in AP300, with SZ and MDD showing lower N1 and P3 than HCs. In the sum of amplitudes and cortical sources, the findings for LDA with classification accuracy (SZ vs. HCs: 71.31%, MDD vs. HCs: 74.55%), sensitivity (SZ vs. HCs: 77.67%, MDD vs. HCs: 79.00%), and specificity (SZ vs. HCs: 64.00%, MDD vs. HCs: 69.67%) supported these results. The SVM classifier showed reasonable scores between SZ and HCs and/or MDD and HCs. The comparison between SZ and MDD showed low classification accuracy (59.71%), sensitivity (65.08%), and specificity (54.83%).Conclusions: Patients with SZ and MDD showed deficiencies in N1 and P3 components in the sum of amplitudes and cortical sources, indicating attentional dysfunction in both early and late sensory/cognitive gating input. The LDA and SVM classifiers in the AP300 are useful to distinguish patients with SZ and HCs and/or MDD and HCs.

scholarly journals Treatment of Symptom Clusters in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder With the Dopamine D3/D2 Preferring Partial Agonist Cariprazine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borjanka Batinic ◽  
Ivan Ristic ◽  
Milica Zugic ◽  
David S. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Frequent Relapses

Cariprazine is currently approved for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia (USA and EU), and for manic, depressive, and episodes with mixed features in bipolar I disorder (USA): several randomized controlled studies have also explored its efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder. This review summarizes its current therapeutic uses and potential advantages for treating the main symptoms of schizophrenia, bipolar I and major depressive disorder, considering its pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy, and tolerability. Its predominantly D3 receptor preferring affinity, with functional selectivity according to the prevailing neuronal environment, contributes to its efficacy across a wide array of psychopathological symptoms (including reality distortion, disorganized thought, negative symptoms, mood disturbance, anhedonia, and cognitive impairment), and to a favorable side effect profile. Cariprazine may be a “drug of choice” in patients with predominant negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as those with metabolic syndrome. Further investigation of its relative efficacy when compared to aripiprazole or other active comparators is warranted. Its effectiveness in the treatment of bipolar mania, bipolar I depression and bipolar I episodes with mixed features, with minimal accompanying metabolic changes is well-established. The longer half-life and delayed time to relapse in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia when compared to other second-generation antipsychotics represent other advantages, given the high rates of non-adherence and frequent relapses seen in clinical practice. Its efficacy in overlapping symptom domains in other major psychiatric disorders appears promising.

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