scholarly journals UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry of folic acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Olmo ◽  
A. Rodriguez ◽  
A. Colina ◽  
A. Heras
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Parallel Configuration

AbstractUV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry is a very promising analytical technique due to the complementary information that is simultaneously obtained from electrochemistry and spectroscopy. In this work, this technique is used in a parallel configuration to study the oxidation of folic acid in alkaline medium. Herein, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry has been used to detect both the oxidation products and the folic acid consumed at the electrode/solution interface, allowing us to develop an analytical protocol to quantify vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical tablets. Linear ranges of three orders of magnitude have been achieved in basic medium (pH = 12.9), obtaining high repeatability and low detection limits. The spectroelectrochemical determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets at alkaline pH values is particularly interesting because of the changes that occur in the optical signal during the electrochemical oxidation of FA, providing results with very good figures of merit and demonstrating the utility and versatility of this hyphenated technique, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry.

scholarly journals Relationship between Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), and Peripheral Neuropathy in Children with Beta-Thalassemia Major

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uni Gamayani ◽  
Titin Junaidi ◽  
Nushrotul Lailiyya ◽  
Nur Suryawan ◽  
Nanan Sekarwana
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Beta Thalassemia Major ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Significant Difference

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) and B12 (cobalamin) are essential vitamins that play roles in the process of hematopoiesis and maintaining the function of peripheral nerves. Therefore, these deficiencies may create a risk for peripheral neuropathy in beta-thalassemia major patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between vitamin B9 level, vitamin B12 level, and peripheral neuropathy in beta-thalassemia major children. It was an observational analytical study with a case-control design has been conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, in May–July 2019. There were 47 beta-thalassemia major children with peripheral neuropathy (case) and 41 healthy children (control). All subjects completed a general demographic questionnaire, underwent neurological examination, and were tested for vitamin B9 and B12 serum levels. Data were then analyzed using the unpaired t test to compare the vitamin levels between both groups and Spearman’s rank correlation test to investigate the correlation between vitamin levels and the number of affected nerves in the case group. Comparison of folic acid levels in the case group (21.52±6.22 ng/mL) and the control group (23.81±7.51 ng/mL) showed no significant difference (p=0.19). In contrast, cobalamin in the case group (288.57±168.61 ng/mL) and the control group (385.95±197.48 ng/mL) showed a significant difference (p=0.01). In addition, there was a moderate correlation (p=0.004, r=0.41) between folic acid level and the number of motoric nerves affected in the case group. In conclusion, cobalamin level correlates with peripheral neuropathy in beta-thalassemia major patients, and folic acid level correlates with the number of affected nerves, especially motoric nerves. HUBUNGAN ANTARA VITAMIN B9 (ASAM FOLAT), VITAMIN B12 (KOBALAMIN), DAN NEUROPATI PERIFER PADA ANAK DENGAN TALASEMIA BETA MAYORVitamin B9 (asam folat) dan B12 (kobalamin) merupakan vitamin esensial yang berperan dalam proses hematopoiesis dan menjaga fungsi saraf tepi. Defisiensi vitamin ini dapat menimbulkan risiko neuropati perifer pada pasien talasemia beta mayor. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin B9, vitamin B12, dan neuropati perifer pada anak talasemia beta mayor. Metode penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, Indonesia pada Mei–Juli 2019. Terdapat 47 anak talasemia beta mayor dengan neuropati perifer (kelompok kasus) dan 41 anak sehat (kelompok kontrol). Seluruh subjek penelitian mengisi kuesioner demografi umum, menjalani pemeriksaan fisis neurologis, serta dilakukan tes kadar vitamin B9 dan B12 serum. Uji t test tidak berpasangan digunakan untuk membandingkan kadar vitamin pada kedua kelompok dan uji korelasi Spearman untuk membandingkan kadar kedua vitamin tersebut dengan jumlah saraf yang terkena pada kelompok kasus. Perbandingan kadar asam folat kelompok kasus (21,52±6,22 ng/mL) dan kelompok kontrol (23,81±7,51 ng/mL) menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p=0,19), sedangkan perbandingan kadar kobalamin kelompok kasus (288,57±168,61 ng/mL) dan kelompok kontrol (385,95±197,48 ng/mL) menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,01). Selain itu, terdapat korelasi sedang (p=0,004; r=0,41) antara kadar asam folat dam jumlah saraf motorik yang terkena pada kelompok kasus. Kesimpulan, kadar kobalamin berhubungan dengan neuropati perifer pada penderita talasemia beta mayor dan kadar asam folat berhubungan dengan jumlah saraf yang terkena, terutama saraf motorik.

scholarly journals Folic acid – role in the body, recommendations and clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Myszczyszyn ◽  
Rafał Krajewski ◽  
Monika Ostapów ◽  
Lidia Hirnle
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractIntroduction. Folic acid is a compound classified as B group vitamins. In the body it is subject to processes that transfer its inactive form into a form responsible for biological effects of folic acid, i.e. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). It is, in particular, responsible for processes of the correct biosynthesis of purine and pyridine bases present in the formation of DNA and RNA molecules. Humans do not synthesize the endogenous form of folic acid; therefore, it is vital to supplement this vitamin in its natural form or multivitamin preparations. The most folic acid is found in the green leafy vegetables (spinach, peas, asparagus) and in offal (liver). An adequate supply of folic acid is especially indicated in pregnant women with a reduced amount of folic acid due to its use by an intensively developing foetus. The recommended dose of folic acid during this period is 0.4 mg/24h and this dose varies depending on the patient’s and her family’s medical history. The updated state of knowledge on the role of vitamin B9 in the body has been presented. The importance of its supplementation in specific clinical cases was analyzed.Summary. Many studies indicate an important role of the folic acid in the prevention of congenital defects of the nervous, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. Its deficiency increases the risk of complications in pregnancy, such as recurrent miscarriages, pre-eclampsia or postpartum haemorrhage. For this reason, a prophylactic folic acid supplementation is recommended, in women with increased risk of its deficiency, in particular.

Development of Non Chromate Conversion Coatings on AZ31 Alloy: Effect of Nickel Overcoat

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 602-606
Author(s):  
Josef Hazan ◽  
Menachem Bamberger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Conversion Coating ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Spherical Form ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Chromate Conversion Coatings ◽  
Tin Oxides ◽  
Alloy Effect

Permanganate-based conversion coating, using nitric acid as an oxidative additive has been performed and analysis shows the reduction products of permanganate mainly MnO2, and oxidation products of magnesium (MgO and Mg(OH)2). Stannates-based coating has also been obtained in high basic medium using acetate- pyrophosphate additives. Isolated grains formed having a quasi-spherical form which have been identified as mixed magnesium and tin oxides. Particles very rich in tin are observed and discussed in terms of standard reduction potentials E0red.

scholarly journals Folic acid, periconceptional multivitamin supplementation and pregnancy: modern aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Romanov ◽  
N. V. Dolgushina
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Multivitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Urinary Tract Malformations

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is a water-soluble vitamin, essential for the growth and development of the blood and immune systems. Its deficiency is a significant risk factor for fetal neural tube defects. The widespread implementation of drugs and food supplements containing folic acid in preparation for pregnancy and in its first trimester has significantly reduced the incidence of fetal neural tube defects.According to current recommendations, taking 0.4 mg of folic acid per day is indicated within 6 months before conception and in the first trimester of pregnancy. Taking folic acid at a dosage of 4 mg is indicated for patients with a history of a fetal neural tube defect.There are also other risk factors for developing fetal neural tube defects. These include family history, obesity, malabsorption syndrome, folate cycle gene polymorphisms, smoking, drug use, diabetes mellitus (pre-gestational), and other chronic diseases. Determination of the required dosage of folic acid in these categories of patients still requires discussion and clinical trials. Also, folic acid intake is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal atresia, conotruncal heart disease, cleft palate, urinary tract malformations, and omphalocele, reduces the incidence of some behavioral anomalies, in particular, hyperactivity, the need for planning a pregnancy.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Triple Bagging System and Lippia multiflora Leaves for the Vitamin Quality Preservation of Cowpea Seeds (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Fofana ◽  
Kouamé Olivier Chatigre ◽  
N’guessan Verdier Abouo ◽  
Godi Henri Marius Biego
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Lippia Multiflora ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Vitamin B9

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of triple bagging systems with or without Lippia multiflora leaves on the vitamin-quality of cowpea seeds during storage. Methodology: Cowpea seeds that have undergone any treatment were collected from producer in the southwest of Côte d’Ivoire. The fresh leaves of Lippia multiflora were collected and dried in sunlight for 7 days in center of Côte d’Ivoire. The storage bags used were obtained from the suppliers to Côte d’Ivoire in Abidjan. All this material was sent to the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Côte d’Ivoire to perform the experiment. Thus for the experiment realization, a central composite design (CCD) was used. The first factor of CCD consisted to six types of packaging, namely: one control with polypropylene bag (TST), one triple bagging batch (composed of 2 internal layers in independent high density polyethylene 80 mm thick and a woven bag polypropylene) without biopesticide (H0), and four batches (H1, H2, H3 and H4) containing respectively (0.7%; 2.5; 4.3%; and 5%) biopesticide. The second factor, storage time, it included six periods of observation (0; 1; 2; 4.5; 7 and 8 months). HPLC techniques were used for the separation and quantification of β-carotene, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and the water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and folic acid). The estimated daily intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) was also evaluated for Ivorian adult of 70 kg. Results: The results of vitamin properties indicate a significant influence (P < 0.05) between the type of treatments and shelf life. Multivariate analysis results (PCA and AHC) indicate that the addition of at least 0.7% Lippia multiflora leaves in triple bagging systems makes preservation more efficient and preserves the vitamin quality of the cowpea seeds during 8 months. The contribution to meeting vitamin B9 requirements is palpable when cowpea seeds are stored for up to 8 months in the triple bagging systems associated with the biopesticide. Conclusion: Cowpea seeds storage in triple bagging systems with Lippia multiflora leaves appears as a method of effective and inexpensive conservation to ensure the vitamin-quality of cowpea.

84 Folate-methionine cycle and folate transport in developing buffalo embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
S. Ansari ◽  
S. Jamwal ◽  
S. Saini ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
D. Malakar
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Folate Transport ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Folate Concentration ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Methionine Cycle ◽  
Folate Transporters

Periconceptional folic acid is known to have a major role in the prevention of neural tube defects, leading to global recommendations for folic acid supplementation before and in early pregnancy. Maternal folate throughout pregnancy may have other roles in offspring health, including neurodevelopment and cognitive performance in childhood. Folate and folic acid (vitamin B9) act as a co-enzyme essential for single carbon metabolism, a network of pathways involved in several biological processes including nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, and methylation reactions. In general, rapidly growing and multiplying cells require an adequate supply of folate. A primary deficiency of natural folate resulting in an increase of the total homocysteine concentration may be detrimental to the quality of the oocyte, subsequent fertilisation, embryogenesis, implantation, and fetal development. However, to date, folate-methionine metabolism and folate transport have not been studied in developing buffalo embryos. The present study details transcript expression for genes encoding key enzymes in the linked folate-methionine cycles in the ovary tissue, cumulus cells, immature oocytes, IVM oocytes, and pre-implantation embryos and also estimates the folate concentration in follicular fluid (FF) of buffalo. The FF was pooled and collected by aspiration of different sizes of surface follicles (2-8mm diameter). The total number of analysed samples was three, with different dilutions and estimation of folate in FF of buffalo done by chemiluminescence assay. Total RNA was extracted from oocytes, cumulus cells, ovarian tissue, and embryos produced from IVF. RT-PCR was performed to analyse the expression of folate-methionine cycle enzymes and folate transporters. Transcripts for all the enzymes of the folate-methionine cycle (i.e. SHMT, MTR, MTRR, MAT1A, MAT2B, GNMT, AHCY, CBS, and DHFR) and folate transporters (FOLR1, FOLR2) and reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1) were expressed in ovarian tissue, cumulus cells, oocytes, and pre-implantation embryos. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed FOLR2 and SLC19A1 protein expression on the plasma membrane and/or cytoplasm of the oocytes and embryos, and FOLR1 in the nucleus of pre-implantation embryos. The folate concentration in FF was 24ngmL−1. This is the first report to examine the concentration of folate in FF and revealed the identification of transcripts in different samples of buffalo species. The presence of these enzymes could have a profound effect on single-carbon metabolism within the ovary and pre-implantation embryo, therefore indicating that folate from FF is being disseminated through folate receptors within oocytes and embryos to participate in the folate pathway. This study advocates the necessity for examination of the result of folate supplementation throughout invitro embryo production for improving the quality and quantity of transferable blastocysts and subsequently live calf births in buffalo.

Folates: Modern Pregnant Health Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
M.V. Khaitovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Folates (folic acid-based chemical compounds) got their name from the Latin “folio” - “leaf”, since they were first synthesized from spinach leaves, in which vitamin B9 is found in maximum quantities. As an important cofactor in carbon metabolism, folates are involved in the most important metabolic processes in the body, in particular, they play a key role in the synthesis of nucleotides and DNA replication. The article provides information on the physiological role of folates, their metabolism and its genetic aspects. The clinical significance of folate deficiency is examined, their sources and doses are described, and the interaction of folic acid and drugs is highlighted. Keywords: folate, metabolism, folic acid deficiency, pregnancy.

Simple and Rapid Quantification of Folic Acid in Pharmaceutical Tablets using a Cathodically Pretreated Highly Boron-doped Polycrystalline Diamond Electrode

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristína Cinková ◽  
Ľubomír Švorc ◽  
Petra Šatkovská ◽  
Marian Vojs ◽  
Pavol Michniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Diamond Electrode ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Rapid Quantification

The oxidation of decane in the liquid and gaseous phases

1981 ◽  
Vol 375 (1763) ◽  
pp. 543-563 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lower Molecular Mass ◽  
Solubility Of Oxygen

Studies have been made of the uncatalysed oxidation of decane in both the liquid and gaseous phases in the same temperature region; this hydrocarbon is probably the lowest molecular mass alkane for which such a direct comparison can be made. Although the mechanisms of oxidation in both phases are in many ways similar, some notable differences exist. The absence of C 10 O-heterocycles and the relatively high selectivity of initial attack of decane in the liquid phase can be ascribed to a ‘cage effect’, so that abstractive reactions are predominantly intermolecular. Rather unexpectedly, in the gas phase, the initial attacking radical, even at the low temperatures used, is almost exclusively the hydroxyl radical. In the gas phase there is a marked dependence on oxygen concentration of the rates of formation of the various classes of products, particularly decane dihydroperoxides. The low solubility of oxygen in liquid decane and hence its small concentration may thus also be partly responsible for the absence of dihydroperoxides among the liquid-phase oxidation products. Lower molecular mass oxygenated compounds, which are the most abundant products of the gaseous oxidation of decane, appear to be derived mainly from further reactions of decane dihydroperoxides; and the small amounts of such products found in the liquid phase are con­sistent with the virtual absence of their normal precursors under these conditions. The analytical technique used has permitted the first unambi­guous quantitative determination of very small amounts of hydroper­oxides produced during the gaseous oxidation of hydrocarbons.

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