Parvovirus Infects Cardiac Myocytes in Hydrops Fetalis

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiveen O'Malley ◽  
Carole Barry-Kinsella ◽  
Caroline Hughes ◽  
Peter Kelehan ◽  
Deirdre Devaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hydrops Fetalis ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Erythroid Precursor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection

Parvovirus infection during pregnancy is an important cause of hydrops fetalis. It is attributed to anemia caused by viral-induced destruction of red blood cells. Infection of other organs has been reported including the heart, liver, and lungs. Few of these reports, however, convincingly demonstrate virions within the functional parenchyma of the tissue. This is of particular concern regarding myocardium in the context of hydrops fetalis which is, in part, due to cardiac failure. The problem in routine pathology practice is that most fetuses with the infection are macerated. This, in part, probably explains the paucity of published information on cardiac involvement. This study examined five cases of fatal hydrops fetalis with variable maceration with serologically proven parvovirus B19 infection. Transmission electron microscopy of cardiac tissue demonstrated intranuclear virions in both erythroid precursor cells and in cardiac myocytes in three of these cases. In each of these, immunogold electron microscopy provided confirmatory evidence of parvovirus infection. Virions were not identifiable where maceration had caused disintegration of nuclei in the myocytes. In addition, virions were absent in the three negative control cases where retroplacental hemorrhage was confirmed as the cause of death. This study suggests that parvovirus infection of cardiac myocytes may play a more important role in causing hydrops fetalis than previously realized. It also demonstrates that maceration should not discourage the use of electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of NA+,K+-ATPase in the Branchial Cavity During the Early Development of the European Lobster Homarus Gammarus (Crustacea, Decapoda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Hervé Lignot ◽  
Guy Charmantier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
European Lobster ◽  
Homarus Gammarus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Branchial Cavity ◽  
Enzyme Location ◽  
Ion Pumping

We examined the ontogeny of the osmoregulatory sites of the branchial cavity in embryonic and early postembryonic stages of the European lobster Homarus gammarus through transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody IgGα5 raised against the avian α-subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase. In mid-late embryos, Na+,K+-ATPase was located along the pleurites and within the epipodite buds. In late embryos just before hatching, the enzyme was confined to the epipodite epithelia. After hatching, slight differentiations of ionocytes occured in the epipodites of larval stages. Na+,K+-ATPase was also located in the ionocytes of the epipodites of larvae exposed to seawater (35.0‰) and to dilute seawater (22.1 ‰). After metamorphosis, the inner-side branchiostegite epithelium appeared as an additional site of enzyme location in postlarvae held in dilute seawater. Within the ionocytes, Na+,K+-ATP-ase was mostly located along the basolateral infoldings. These observations are discussed in relation to the physiological shift from osmoconforming larvae to slightly hyper-regulating (in dilute seawater) postmetamorphic stages. The acquisition of the ability to hyper-osmo-regulate probably originates from the differentiation, on the epipodites and mainly along the branchiostegites, of ionocytes that are the site of ion pumping as evidenced by the location of Na+,K+-ATPase. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1013–1023, 2001)

Species-specific difference in distribution of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels of cardiac myocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. C1963-C1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Takagishi ◽  
Kenji Yasui ◽  
Nicholas J. Severs ◽  
Yoshiharu Murata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Plasma ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Rat Myocytes ◽  
T Tubules ◽  
Species Specific

Ca2+influx via sarcolemmal voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-type Ca2+ channels) is the fundamental step in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in cardiac myocytes. Physiological and pharmacological studies reveal species-specific differences in E-C coupling resulting from a difference in the contribution of Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release to activation of contraction. We investigated the distribution of L-type Ca2+ channels in isolated cardiac myocytes from rabbit and rat ventricle by correlative immunoconfocal and immunogold electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence labeling revealed discrete spots in the surface plasma membrane and transverse (T) tubules in rabbit myocytes. In rat myocytes, labeling appeared more intense in T tubules than in the surface sarcolemma. Immunogold electron microscopy extended these findings, showing that the number of gold particles in the surface plasma membrane was significantly higher in rabbit than rat myocytes. In rabbit myocyte plasma membrane, the gold particles were distributed as clusters in both regions that were associated with junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and those that were not. The findings are consistent with the idea that influx of Ca2+ via surface sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels contributes to intracellular Ca2+ to a greater degree in rabbit than in rat myocytes.

Late Onset of Hydrops Fetalis following Intrauterine Parvovirus B19 Infection

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Mielk ◽  
Gisela Enders
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Hydrops Fetalis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection

The seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women in Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ADAM ◽  
T. MAKKAWI ◽  
U. REBER ◽  
H. KIRBERG ◽  
A. M. EIS-HÜBINGER
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hydrops Fetalis ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Antenatal Clinics

SUMMARYParvovirus B19 (B19V) infection during pregnancy may have serious consequences like fetal anaemia, hydrops fetalis, and fetal loss. Since epidemiological data on B19V infection are generally lacking in Sudan, the current study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of B19V in Sudanese pregnant women. Five hundred women, attending antenatal clinics in Khartoum state between November 2008 and March 2009, were enrolled and screened for B19V IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassays. The study revealed a B19V IgG seroprevalence of 61·4%, with one subject positive for IgM. B19V DNA was not detected by PCR in any of the tested individuals. B19V IgG seroprevalence was significantly correlated with multigravidity (P = 0·046). Our data showed that B19V infection is prevalent in Sudan and we recommend further studies in Sudanese women, particularly in those with complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Detection of parvovirus B19 infection in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded placenta and fetal tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Veiga Quemelo ◽  
Danielle Malta Lima ◽  
Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Cesar Peres
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Hydrops Fetalis ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Parvovirus B19 infection was first discovered in 1975 and it is implicated in fetal death from hydrops fetalis the world over. Diagnosis is usually made through histological identification of the intranuclear inclusion in placenta and fetal organs. However, these cells may be scarce or uncharacteristic, making definitive diagnosis difficult. We analyzed histologically placentas and fetal organs from 34 cases of non-immune hydrops fetalis, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and submitted to immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 34 tissue samples, two (5.9%) presented typical intranuclear inclusion in circulating normoblasts seen in Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. However, PCR of fetal organs was negative in one case in which the placenta PCR was positive. We concluded that parvovirus B19 infection frequency is similar to the literature and that immunohistochemistry was the best detection method. It is highly specific and sensitive, preserves the morphology and reveals a larger number of positive cells than does HE with the advantage of showing cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity, making it more reliable. Although PCR is more specific and sensitive in fresh or ideally fixed material it is not so in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, frequently the only one available in such cases.

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