Hand, foot and mouth disease: current knowledge on clinical manifestations, epidemiology, aetiology and prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Nicola Principi
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection Associated with a Major Outbreak of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kobayashi ◽  
Tomohiko Makino ◽  
Nozomu Hanaoka ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimizu ◽  
Miki Enomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Major Outbreak

STUDY ON CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Nu Van Anh Ton ◽  
Din Rmah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Objectives: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus, is a common infection in children. HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 can cause some serious complications, such as encephalitis-meningitis, myocarditis, pulmonary edema. The early detection of clinical manifestations of severe contribute to reducing mortality. So aim of this study to describe the clinical characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease in the Department of Pediatrics at Hue Central Hospital. Methods: Random sampling of all hospitalized patients from 1/2/2012 to 31/1/2013 diagnosed HFMD accompanied EV71 serum test. Method of cross-sectional descriptive study. Results and conclusions: with 441 patients admitted Hue Pediatrics Centre, 41,0% cause by EV71 and 59,0% cause by other enterovirus. 97,5% are under 5 years, male/female is 1,15/1. 68,5% coutryside. Almost patients admitted in 2rd and 3rd day (57.1%). Hospitalized reasons are fever (95,5%) and erythema rash. Majority of patients are grade 1 and 2a (87.3%). Grade 3 and 4 only (4.5%). Erythema higher proportion of vesicle, rash on foot is common.

scholarly journals Characterization of oral virome and microbiome revealed distinctive microbiome disruptions in paediatric patients with hand, foot and mouth disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Xian Ho ◽  
Nyo Min ◽  
Emmerie Phaik Yen Wong ◽  
Chia Yin Chong ◽  
Justin Jang Hann Chu
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractWhile the underlying determinants are unclear, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with varying severity in different individuals. Recently, many studies identified the human microbiome as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, we here investigated the ecological dynamics of the oral microbiome changes during the HFMD infection. After targeted enrichment of all known vertebrate viruses, the virome profiles of symptomatic and asymptomatic HFMD patients were examined and revealed to be significantly altered from those of healthy individuals, with nine discriminative viruses detected. Further characterization of the prokaryotic microbiome revealed an elevated level of Streptococcus sp. as the most important signature of the symptomatic HFMD cohort, positively correlating to the level of enterovirus A RNA. In addition, we found that while coxsackievirus A5 is detected in saliva RNA of all asymptomatic cases, coxsackievirus A6 dominates the majority of the symptomatic cohort.

scholarly journals Neonatal hand, foot, and mouth disease due to Coxsackievirus A6 in Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Huajun Li ◽  
Peng Qiao ◽  
Guofeng Xu ◽  
Dongying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background: Evidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in neonates is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, pathogens, possible transmission routes, and prognosis of neonatal HFMD in Shanghai. Methods: This was a case-control study based on the HFMD registry surveillance system. All neonates and infected family members were enrolled between 2016 and 2017 in Shanghai. Neonates with HFMD were followed for at least half a year. Detailed questionnaires, medical history, and physical examination were recorded. Routine blood examination, liver and renal function, immunophenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells; NK cells), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA, and cytokine interleukin (IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels were measured. All rectal swab specimens were collected and genotyped for enterovirus, and phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 sequences of coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was performed to investigate molecular and evolutionary characteristics. T-test or nonparametric test was used to evaluate the differences. Logistic analysis was applied to calculate the risk of clinical manifestations in the group of HFMD neonates and their paired siblings. Results: There were 16 neonates among the 12608 diagnosed patients with HFMD, accounting for 0.13%. All neonatal infections were transmitted by other members of the family, mainly the elder siblings, and were caused by CV-A6. CV-A6 was the emerging and predominant causative agent of HFMD in Shanghai. None of the neonates with HFMD experienced fever, onychomadesis, or severe complications. However, two elder sibling patients showed lethargy, and one developed hypoperfusion. In the elder siblings with HFMD, the proportion of white blood cells was generally higher than in neonates with HFMD. The immunologic function of the neonates with HFMD was basically normal. The levels of inflammatory markers were higher in both neonates and elder siblings with HFMD compared to age-matched controls. The clinical symptoms receded about one week after onset. None of the neonates had sequelae. Conclusions: In our study, CV-A6 infection in neonates was benign, but had the character of family clustering. Due to the two-child policy in China, elder siblings may be the main route of HFMD transmission.

scholarly journals Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease as a Manifestation of Enterovirus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
R. S. Nazaryan ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Fomenko ◽  
N. A. Scheblykina ◽  
T. A. Kolesova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Lesions of the oral mucosa may be a sign of systemic human diseases. Most of manifested in the oral cavity diseases are benign, but it is necessary to differentiate them from more serious diseases. Dentists should know the manifestations and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, among which are viral infections, especially highly contagious, which include hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In order to prevent its spread and to identify in time possible complications, dentist should have deep knowledge about it. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses. Viruses of the genus Enterovirus are RNA genomic. It is necessary to know the main stages of the reproduction of RNA genomic viruses in the human body. 1. Adsorption on a cell (adhesion) – an interaction between specific receptors of virions and surface molecules of sensitive cells. 2. Penetration into the cell and "undressing" can be carried out in two ways: endocytosis and translocation. 3. The synthesis of viral particles of RNA-viruses (translation) – as a result specific proteins for viral replication are synthesized. 4. Complete assembly of RNA-viruses. 5. Release of daughter virions from the cell. The source of infection can be both a sick person and a virus carrier. Asymptomatic carriage can last for weeks, sometimes months. The most intense pathogen is released in the first days of the disease. The predominant morbidity of children speaks about the high natural susceptibility of a human. For diseases, which are caused by enteroviruses, polymorphism of clinical manifestations is specific. In most cases, the violation of the general condition is insignificant and the course of the disease is benign. The initial phase is usually followed by enanthema and erythematous, papular or vesicular lesions of the skin, localized mainly on the palms and soles, as well as vesicles in the oral cavity. Enanthema usually precedes the appearance of a skin rash. Oral lesions may occur without skin symptoms. Diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis is based on anamnestic and clinical data. There are many diagnostic tests available, but PCR of throat and vesicular fluid swabs, if available, is one of the most effective. After an illness, in most cases, immunity is formed, the possibility of developing cross-immunity to other types of the virus is not excluded

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION PRACTICES OF HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AMONG PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS IN BANDAR PUNCAK ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Nik Nur Hidayah Mansor ◽  
Azwandi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Occupation Level ◽  
Parents And Caregivers

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Severe cases of HFMD were reported in Malaysia in 2018, which led to a temporary closing of few nurseries and preschools. A good knowledge and prevention practices is one of the important factors that can effectively decelerate this rapid outbreak of HFMD. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess current knowledge and prevention practices among parents and caregivers in Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 345 residences of Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. It comprised of 77.4% (n=267) parents and 22.6% (n=78) caregivers from different daycares, kindergartens and preschools. The study showed that the majority, 87.2% (n=301) of Bandar Puncak Alam residents, Selangor have a moderate level of knowledge on HFMD. No significant difference in knowledge was found between parents and caregivers (p = 0.553). Age, occupation, level of education, and income of respondents influenced the HFMD knowledge level (p<0.05). Most parents and caregivers know how to prevent HFMD by practising cleaning the children's toys using liquid disinfection, but they are still lacking knowledge on the role of handwashing in preventing HFMD. In conclusion, the lack of prevention practice among parents and caregivers would increase the cases of HFMD. Therefore, a proper education of HFMD should be done to increase the awareness towards the prevention practices to prevent HFMD from reoccurring.

scholarly journals The different symptoms determining management of hand foot and mouth disease and primary varicella zoster infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Varicella Zoster Infection

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a medical condition endemic among children in South-East Asia, including Indonesia and, more specifically, Banjarmasin – the capital of South Sulawesi. The disease is mediated by Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus 16 which attack the oral cavity, hands, feet, buttocks and genital areas. One differential diagnosis of this disease is Primary Varicella Zoster infection. Both diseases have similar clinical symptoms but different etiologies which can precipitate errors in the administration of therapy Purpose: To elucidate the distinction between HFMD and Primary varicella zoster infection. Case: An 8 year-old male sought treatment complaining of ulcers on the upper maxillary gingiva followed by the appearance of itchy and painful lesions affecting the nose, upper lip, hands and feet. The patient’s mother reported his history of 39oC fever followed by the development of red spots and ulcers on the face, hands and feet which caused itching. Clinically, it is similar to Primary varicella zoster infection which can affect any part of the body. The patient only used an immunomodulator once a day and was actively seeking available healthcare. Case management: Extraoral examination confirmed the presence of multiple erythematous vesicles and ulcers, 2 mm in diameter, which caused a sensation of itching around the nose and upper lip region. Multiple painful and itchy red macules and vesicles, 3-6 mm in diameter, appeared not only on the patient’s palms, back of the hands and feet. Intraoral examination of the right maxillary gingiva revealed multiple painful ulcers, 1-2 mm in diameter and yellowish in appearance, surrounded by erythema. The results of history-taking implied that no lesions appeared on other parts of the body. Conclusion: While these conditions share similar clinical manifestations, their contrasting etiologies require different treatments. The ultimate diagnosis can be determined clinically by the dentist, thereby preventing errors in the administration of therapy.

scholarly journals Awareness Of Hand, Foot And Mouth Disease Among Dental Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 952-955
Author(s):  
Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Treatment Measures

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFM) is often a potentially infectious condition primarily caused through enteroviruses. Clinical manifestations involve erythematous papules mostly on arms, legs, and even in the oral cavity, followed by prodromal effects such as myalgia, moderate fever, and abdominal distress. This survey was conducted to assess hand, foot, and mouth disease awareness among dental students. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional type of survey comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire containing ten queries based on the knowledge and awareness about Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among dental college students. Questionnaires were distributed through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analysed.47% are aware of HFMD. 34%are aware of the clinical manifestation of HFMD. 31%Are aware of the mode of transmission of HFMD. 26% are aware of the preventive measures against HFMD.18%. Are aware of the incubation period of HFMD. 24%aware of treatment measures for HFMD. This study found the dental students displayed less knowledge and understanding of HFMD. Even, there are few differences in knowledge and behaviours that require enhancement. Large-scale health awareness initiatives of HFMD should be implemented by professional associations in order to fill these gaps and improve awareness in order to positively impact their attitudes.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

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